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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Phase memory in conditions of optical instability development

Askhat M Basharov, Nikolay V Znamenskiy

Published Oct 20, 2006• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Regularities in the transformation of optical coherence in the model three-level system, resulting from instability development and emission of a superradiance pulse, are considered. It is shown that the superradiance eliminates optical coherence on the adjacent optically allowed transitions and induces optical coherence on the optically forbidden transition. This, in turn, makes it possible to observe new effects of photon-echo type, some of which are described in the present paper.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/39/21/009

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•Mar 1, 2018•0 citations
Regularities in the transformation of optical coherence in the model three-level system, resulting from instability development and emission of a superradiance pulse, are considered. It is shown that the superradiance eliminates optical coherence on the adjacent optically allowed transitions and induces optical coherence on the optically forbidden transition. This, in turn, makes it possible to observe new effects of photon-echo type, some of which are described in the present paper.
Regularities of the optical coherence transformation in three-level systems, resulting from instability development and superradiance, are considered. It is shown that the superradiance eliminates optical coherence on the adjacent optically allowed transitions and induces optical coherence on the optically forbidden transition. This, in turn, makes it possible to observe new effects of photon-echo type. In such a way the known cases of supperradiant emission from the LaF3:Pr3+ medium admit the described phase memory effect.
A new type of three-level photon echo has been predicted and analytically described. In contrast to the conventional three-level echo, whose formation involves three resonant ultrashort excitation pulses spaced in time, two of which are resonant to different optically allowed and adjacent transitions with different frequencies, the echo predicted arises under the conditions of formation of the conventional two-pulse echo and requires only two pump pulses of the same frequency. A theory is developed for the conditions of experiments on generation of a superradiance pulse at the 3 P 0-3 H 6 transition in impurity praseodymium ions in the LaF3 matrix upon ultrashort coherent excitation of the adjacent optically allowed 3 H 4-3 P 0 transition in praseodymium. It is shown that the superradiance pulse after its deexcitation does not polarize the medium at the 3 P 0-3 H 6 generation transition and completely eliminates polarization at the 3 H 4-3 P 0 excitation transition. However, simultaneously, the superradiance pulse transfers the optical coherence from the excitation transition to the optically forbidden 3 H 6-3 H 4 transition. Thus, the phase memory about the effect of the excitation superradiance pulse is retained in the medium within a time interval that is shorter than the irreversible relaxation time of the optically forbidden transition.
An analytical study of the photon echoes associated with the three-level system interacting resonantly with optical pulses possessing two different frequencies is performed. It is predicted that photon echoes arise at anomalous times corresponding to the correlation between the inhomogeneous broadenings for the different spectral lines as well as at the normal time expected in a simple two-level system. This new effect is caused by the coupling of the two resonant transitions through the common energy level. Furthermore, if the particle does not have inversion symmetry, the echoes with the sum or difference frequency of the exciting optical pulses can be observed in such a system. The quantitative analysis is also given for intensities, direction of propagation and polarizations of the anomalous echoes which depend upon the exciting pulses with different frequency.
The increasing interest in the study of the interaction of several resonant fields with multilevel quantum systems is due to a wide range of possible applications of various effects observed in the multi-frequency excitation of quantum objects. Among them, we can note color echo holography, information compression in three-level environments, copying of quantum information, and multi-level quantum gates that perform logical operations. In addition, the recording and reproduction of echo holograms in multi-level systems leads to the possibility, along with logical operations, to perform a change in the real-time scale and the sequence of events in the echo-hologram response, the data on which were embedded into the temporal structure of the object laser pulse. The formation of optical transient processes in multilevel systems occurs when the short laser pulses separated in time and resonant of different frequency transitions at the substance have an effect on the system, so that their interaction with each other becomes possible only through the medium and only if the medium has a sufficiently long phase memory. In this situation, each laser pulse transmits information about its wave characteristics to the medium, and this information is retained here until the arrival of the next laser pulses. The formation of optical transient processes in a multilevel system in a solid depends essentially on the degree of correlation of the inhomogeneous broadening on different frequency transitions and different time intervals, in connection with the possible destruction of the reversible phase memory of the system due to a partial mutual fixation energies of transitions. The influence of external spatially inhomogeneous electric fields on the resonant medium can lead to an additional artificially created inhomogeneous broadening. In this case, it is possible to control the phase memory of the system by changing the parameters of external spatially inhomogeneous electric fields, and the most pronounced effect on phase memory is the case of laser excitation of narrow frequency regions of inhomogeneously broadened lines of the resonance transitions. Moreover, the artificially created inhomogeneous broadening by external spatially inhomogeneous electric fields due to the Stark effect can be comparable with the spread of frequencies due to a partial mutual fixation of the transition energies, which leads to a partial restoration of the coherence of the multilevel system. This effect can lead to an increase in the intensity of the response of the stimulated photon echo (SPE) in the three-level system, which is the opposite effect of photon echo locking.