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Theoretical and Mathematical Physics

Dynamics near the critical point of systems with tensor order parameter

George Y. Panasyuk, B. A. Storonkin

Published Oct 1, 1980• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/bf01047148

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A bstract The holographic system described by Einstein-Maxwell-Chern-Simons dynamics in the bulk of AdS exhibits a chiral magnetic effect and a quantum critical point. Through numerical calculations, we find that the butterfly velocity can serve as a new identifier for the quantum critical point in this system. We show that the critical point is the point at which the butterfly velocity is equal to the speed of light in the direction of the magnetic field, while in the opposite direction the butterfly propagation vanishes. Furthermore, by studying the pole-skipping points of the response function of the operator dual to the tensor part of the metric perturbation in the bulk, we discover a set of order parameters that distinguish the two states of the system near the quantum critical point. Each of these order parameters is the sum of the absolute values of the real parts of momentum at all pole-skipping points associated with a particular frequency. This quantity vanishes in the disordered state while taking a positive value in the ordered state. In addition, our results confirm the idea that the chiral magnetic effect can manifest macroscopically through quantum chaos.
We consider an isotropic Fermi liquid in two dimensions near the n=2n=2n=2 Pomeranchuk instability in the charge channel. The order parameter is a quadrupolar stress tensor with two bosonic shear modes with polarizations longitudinal and transverse to the quadrupolar momentum tensor. Longitudinal and transverse bosonic modes are characterized by dynamical exponents ${z}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}=3$ and ${z}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}=2$, respectively. Previous studies have found that such a system exhibits multiscale quantum criticality with two different energy scales $\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\sim}{\ensuremath{\xi}}^{\ensuremath{-}{z}_{\ensuremath{\parallel},\ensuremath{\perp}}}$, where $\ensuremath{\xi}$ is the correlation length. We study the impact of the multiple energy scales on the electron Green's function. The interaction with the critical ${z}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}=3$ mode is known to give rise to a local self-energy that develops a non-Fermi-liquid form, $\ensuremath{\Sigma}(\ensuremath{\omega})\ensuremath{\sim}{\ensuremath{\omega}}^{2/3}$ for frequencies larger than the energy scale $\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\sim}{\ensuremath{\xi}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. We find that the exchange of transverse ${z}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}=2$ fluctuations leads to logarithmically singular renormalizations of the quasiparticle residue ZZZ and the vertex $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$. We derive and solve renormalization-group equations for the flow of ZZZ and $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$, and show that the system develops an anomalous dimension at the nematic quantum critical point (QCP). As a result, the spectral function at a fixed $\ensuremath{\omega}$ and varying kkk has a non-Lorentzian form. Away from the QCP, we find that the flow of ZZZ is cut at the energy scale ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\text{FL}}\ensuremath{\propto}{\ensuremath{\xi}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, associated with the z=1z=1z=1 dynamics of electrons. The ${z}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}=2$ energy scale, $\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\sim}{\ensuremath{\xi}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, affects the flow of ZZZ only if one includes into the theory self-interaction of transverse fluctuations.
The critical behaviour of a relativistic scalar field theory with Z2 symmetry is investigated near a second-order phase transition. Two sets of dynamic equations are employed, allowing to control conservation laws of both order parameter and energy density. We calculate spectral functions of the order parameter as well as unequal-time correlation functions of the energy momentum tensor at zero and non-vanishing spatial momenta from first-principles classical-statistical lattice simulations in real-time. For both, we investigate general properties and relevant degrees of freedom in distinct regions of the phase diagram. Close to the critical point, we find signatures of dynamic scaling behaviour and calculate the dynamic critical exponent z controlling the divergence of the critical time scale. For both the order parameter spectral function as well as the energy density autocorrelation, we extract universal dynamic scaling functions. Modifying the simulation framework to include dynamically changing temperature and external field allows us to study non-equilibrium phenomena. For the special case of instant quenches to the critical point, we identify universal scaling behaviour controlled by the initial magnetization, and calculate the related additional dynamic critical exponent. We extract the universal non-equilibrium scaling functions for the evolution of both the order parameter as well as the correlation length.