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Chinese Physics Letters

Entangled Radiation through an Atomic Reservoir Controlled by Coherent Population Trapping

Qian Li, Wenxue Zhong, Xiangming Hu

Published Sep 1, 2008• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We show that it is possible to generate Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) entangled radiation using an atomic reservoir controlled by coherent population trapping. A beam of three-level atoms is initially prepared in near-coherent population trapping (CPT) state and acts as a long-lived coherence-controlled reservoir. Four-wave mixing leads to amplification of cavity modes resonant with Rabi sidebands of the atomic dipole transitions. The cavity modes evolve into an EPR state, whose degree of entanglement is controlled by the intensities and the frequencies of the driving fields. This scheme uses the long-lived CPT coherence and is robust against spontaneous emission of the atomic beam. At the same time, this scheme is implemented in a one-step procedure, not in a two-step procedure as was required in Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 (2007) 240401.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/25/9/038

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Abstract We investigate the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering of two cavity modes generated via four-wave mixing processes. For a three-level V-type configuration, a strong coherent field as a dressing field couples the atoms, and a weak coherent field as a control filed resonantly couples one dressed state to the auxiliary state. By using the approach of dressed states and Bogoliubov modes, we find that only one Bogoliubov mode is mediated into the interaction with the dressed atoms, and the other one is decoupled. Due to the presence of the coherent control filed, the channel for dressed state population transfer is established, which plays a key role in the generation of the asymmetric EPR steering of two cavity fields. It is shown that the one-way EPR steering can be manipulated by the Rabi frequencies of the control field and the cooperativity parameters.
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We explore the quantum entanglement between two collective fields via atomic coherence effects. For three-level atoms in V\mathsf{V}V configuration driven by two applied fields on two-photon resonance, one coherent superposition of the excited states is not excited, which is the counterpart of coherent population trapping. The coherence-induced depopulation makes two cavity fields in each collection combine into a quantum-beat, i.e., equivalently, the difference mode of the two components decouples from the driven atoms. The two sum modes, when they are arranged in the four-wave mixinglike interactions, can be prepared in Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entangled state. Correspondingly, any two individual fields from different collective modes are entangled with each other. Furthermore, the effects of thermal reservoir and laser linewidths are discussed, and a generalization is given to the case in which each quantum beat involves more than two modes.
We present a scheme to generate unitarily two-mode and four-mode field squeezing in optical cavities with the near-resonantly dressed three-level atoms in the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ configuration. The dressing fields open two coherent population trapping (CPT) windows, within which the atoms stay predominantly in the dark state and yield strong nonlinearities for both the dressing fields themselves and the other applied fields. The two-mode squeeze operator is separated from degrees of freedom of atoms in a common CPT window, and the multimode squeeze operator is segregated in different CPT windows. The resulting two-mode and multimode interaction strengths are at least one order higher than in the previous dispersive schemes, where all fields are far off resonant with the atoms. The present near-resonant scheme is robust to spontaneous emission since atoms are nearly trapped in a long-lived superposition state.
We present a protocol for deterministically producing continuous-variable Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen- (EPR-) entangled optical beams in macroscopic atomic ensembles. In contrast to previous cavity-based schemes, our protocol requires only a single pass of two coherent light beams through two spin-polarized free-space atomic vapors, which greatly simplifies the experimental implementation and makes the scheme very efficient. The two entangled modes have a frequency difference of about twice the Zeeman frequency of the atomic vapors, which can be widely tuned via magnetic-field control. Under realistic experimental conditions, we show that large entanglement could be created even with room-temperature atomic vapors.