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Physical Review A

Algebraic view of the optical propagation in a nonhomogeneous medium

G. Dattoli, S. Solimeno, A. Torre

Published Feb 1, 1987• 27 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper we propose an algebraic method to study the optical propagation in a nonhomogeneous medium with a quadratic profile of the refractive index. We use the Wei-Norman algebraic procedure establishing an analogy between the evolution operator and the optical propagation matrix.
DOI
10.1103/physreva.35.1668

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The propagation of Hermitian beams in a medium with a distributed quadratic inhomogeneity is studied and is shown that any solution can be represented as a function of some particular solution. This is accomplished by establishing a one-to-one correspondence between optical fields in a homogeneous medium and in a medium with an arbitrary quadratic inhomogeneity. The stability of optical resonators is studied and the condition for their stability is found. Several solutions are found using the method developed.
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Methods of integrals of motion, coherent states, dynamical symmetry group, and density matrix formalism are used to describe the propagation of light in weakly inhomogeneous media, in particular, in a two-dimensional medium having a quadratic transverse distribution of the refractive index and an arbitrarily inhomogeneous longitudinal distribution. Expressions are obtained for the trajectories and widths of the modes and rays. The coefficients of coupling between the modes and rays due to the longitudinal inhomogeneity of the medium and distortion of the axis are discussed. It is shown that, for certain laws of longitudinal inhomogeneity, matching occurs when no energy redistribution takes place between the modes and mismatch is found when all the energy is coupled out of the medium. On the basis of these effects, methods of matched joining of two different graded-index optical waveguides and of coupling light out of a graded-index waveguide are proposed. It is shown that each initial mode of the medium is strongly coupled to three final modes. These results may be used in fiber-optic communication lines.
This contribution has two main purposes. First, using classical optics we show how to model two coupled quantum harmonic oscillators and two interacting quantized fields. Second, we present classical analogs of coupled harmonic oscillators that correspond to anisotropic quadratic graded indexed media in a rotated reference frame, and we use operator techniques, common to quantum mechanics, to solve the propagation of light through a particular type of graded indexed medium. Additionally, we show that the system presents phase transitions.