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Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Two-Photon Ionization of Excited Cesium Atoms by Ruby Laser Light

Toshihiko Ohno, Takayoshi Okuda, Jun Yamada

Published Jul 1, 1978• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The probabilities of the two-photon ionization of cesium atoms by ruby laser light from 6 p 1/2 , 6 p 3/2 , 5 d 3/2 and 5 d 5/2 excited states were calculated. The densities of the excited atoms in the cesium discharge tube were estimated from the measured density and temperature of electrons. The calculated increases of the electron density show good agreement with the experimental results.

DOI
10.1143/jpsj.45.244

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The probabilities of the two-photon ionization of cesium atoms by ruby laser light from 6 p 1/2 , 6 p 3/2 , 5 d 3/2 and 5 d 5/2 excited states were calculated. The densities of the excited atoms in the cesium discharge tube were estimated from the measured density and temperature of electrons. The calculated increases of the electron density show good agreement with the experimental results.
This paper will review briefly a recent experiment which measured the photodetachment probability for I-ions due to simultaneous absorption of two ruby quanta. We have calculated the two-quantum photoionization rate for atomic cesium as a function of wavelength. The "transition" from the initial state to the bound intermediate state is expressed in terms of oscillator strengths. The second "transition," from these excited valence states into the coulomb continuum is expressed as a cross section. We have observed what appear to be genuine two-photon ionization signals in three cases: 1) near resonance in the10P_{3/2}state using the second-harmonic ofQ-switched ruby, 2) away from resonances, using the 5300 Å second-harmonic ofQ-switched neodymium laser, and 3) away from resonances using the first anti-Stokes line at 5750 Å from ruby-pumped D2gas. Present experiments aim at scanning the interesting range near resonance, e.g., by thermally tuning the ruby.
Orer a small range of light intensity the three-photon ionization rate of caesium atoms by ruby laser light decreases when the incident photon flux is increased. This result may be quantitatively explained by an induced energy shift of the 913 levels of the caesium atom proportional to the square of the light intensity. Thus perturbations of bound electron states by an intense light beam can be of importance in determining the multiphoton ionization rate. In this paper the functional dependence of the ionization rate on the photon flux is calculated for caesium, using a perturbation theory somewhat different from that usually employed.
The theory of two-photon ionization of the alkali atoms is developed from the well-known perturbation formula for the second-order transition rate. Quantum defect Coulomb functions are used for both the negative and positive energy states. Spin-orbit splitting of the intermediate ppp states is taken into account. The results are presented as dispersion curves of the transition rate for photon energies between the two-photon and one-photon thresholds. Cesium is of particular interest because the photon energy for the second harmonic of ruby laser light falls very near the 10p2P3210{p}^{2}{P}_{\frac{3}{2}}10p2P23​​ level. For a photon energy of 3.57 eV, the transition rate (in cgs units) is found to be 2.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}49}$\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}(photonflux)2{(\mathrm{photon}\mathrm{flux})}^{2}(photonflux)2.