Smoothing the quantum collapse

Tamoor .A Zaidi

Building upon the unified 4D geometry of the Causal Smoothing Framework, this paper resolves three foundational paradoxes of quantum mechanics: wave-particle duality in the double-slit experiment, the measurement problem (wave function collapse), and the origin of particle-antiparticle asymmetry. By defining particles as time-like topological knots (ds² < 0) and quantum fields as the deterministic causal smoothing of vacuum momentum fluxes along the null boundary (ds² = 0), this framework discards probabilistic observer-driven collapse. The double-slit experiment is analyzed under two distinct boundary conditions (continuous emission and single-particle emission), demonstrating that quantum statistics are simply the macroscopic interference of vacuum geometry guiding discrete knots through a chaotic ER=EPR substrate. Furthermore, the framework provides a strict geometric proof for why fermions require distinct antiparticles while gauge bosons act as their own antiparticles, rooted entirely in the chiral phase of the localized metric shear.

I. S. Osborne

Andreas Albrecht

Gluvić, Luka

This preprint introduces a deterministic collapse-based framework in which time, mass, and spacetime geometry emerge from the statistics of modal-collapse events. The key dynamical quantity is the coherence factor Ξ, defined by the average inter-collapse interval. Ξ governs the conversion between coordinate and physical time (dτ = Ξ dt), determines inertial mass (m = E/Ξ²), and generates the effective metric (g_tt = –Ξ⁻², g_rr ∝ Ξ^p with p ≈ 1.9). Smooth Schrödinger evolution and general relativistic geometry are recovered as limiting cases of the same dynamical system: rare collapse cycles produce classical behaviour, fluctuating collapse produces quantum behaviour, and runaway collapse (Ξ → 0) gives rise to gravitational collapse and the breakdown of smooth geometry. The runaway regime mathematically enforces a lowest-frequency electromagnetic emission channel, predicting that radiation in collapse-driven transients must begin in the radio band and only later extend to higher frequencies. The accompanying supplementary TXT document provides the complete proof set of all five falsifiable predictions, with no tunable parameters: (1) universal radio-first ordering of electromagnetic discharge in runaway events, (2) universal curvature exponent p ≈ 1.9, (3) classical stability when ⟨ΔN_eff⟩ < 0, (4) time dilation fully determined from collapse-interval statistics, and (5) radio-only discharge at the onset of runaway collapse. This work proposes that collapse dynamics — rather than measurement or spacetime postulates — constitute the fundamental mechanism from which quantum behaviour, classical stability, and gravitational collapse all emerge.

van der Reep

The Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics states that a measurement collapses a wavefunction onto an eigenstate of the corresponding measurement operator. This causes a quantum mechanical wavefunction to break its unitary evolution described by the Schrodinger equation and is the source of the quantum measurement problem. In this thesis we take the first steps to an experiment that might shed light on this century-old problem. We envision a single-microwave-photon interferometer that has a travelling-wave parametric amplifier (TWPA) added to each of its arms. We wonder if the process of amplification of the quantum state causes the wavefunction to collapse, as it might turn into a detector while smoothly increasing the amplifier's gain. To this end we introduce necessary concepts from the field of microwave engineering. Then, we develop a quantum theory to describe TWPAs. This is followed by preliminary calculations on the expected interference visibility of the envisioned interferometer as a function of amplifier gain and losses. Furthermore, we describe how wavefunction collapse might reveal itself in the experimental results. Finally, the thesis describes our efforts to develop a low-loss TWPA based on Josephson junctions.