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Applied Optics

Theoretical and experimental studies of pump-induced probe deflection in a thermal medium

Raj M. Misra, Partha Pratim Banerjee

Published Jun 20, 1995• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We analyze the deflection of a probe beam because of pump-probe interaction in a high-absorbing thermal medium. We extend the existing theory by accounting for translation of a finite-width probe because of deflection within the nonlinear sample. We also provide expressions for the number of resolvable angles of the probe for possible applications of the setup as a beam deflector and study conditions for the maximization of the deflection angle and the resolution. We present experimental results obtained with a solution of chlorophyll in ethanol as the thermal medium.

DOI
10.1364/ao.34.003358

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We analyze the deflection of a probe beam because of pump-probe interaction in a high-absorbing thermal medium. We extend the existing theory by accounting for translation of a finite-width probe because of deflection within the nonlinear sample. We also provide expressions for the number of resolvable angles of the probe for possible applications of the setup as a beam deflector and study conditions for the maximization of the deflection angle and the resolution. We present experimental results obtained with a solution of chlorophyll in ethanol as the thermal medium.
Distortions of the probe beam wavefront due to scattering on the thermal lens, which is induced by a pump light field, are calculated using a non-linear geometrical model. It is shown that when the probe beam light spot is larger than the pump field one, the initial Gaussian distribution of intensities becomes ring shaped. When the probe beam diameter is smaller than the pump field one, the initial Gaussian distribution remains almost Gaussian. The predicted effects are confirmed by a calculation that takes into account the diffraction effects at the far field. Experimental evidence for the effect is shown for the case of light propagation through an ethanol solution of iodine.
In a highly nonlinear thin film, the presence of the diffracted beams from the pump-probe-beam-induced refractive-index grating modifies considerably the energy coupling between the pump and the probe beams. Using coupled amplitude and phase equations, the roles of various factors such as phases and phase shifts, phase modulations, pump-beam intensity, intensity ratio, interaction length, and losses in the medium in the multiwave-mixing processes are clearly identified. We also present experimental results on the dependence of the probe gain on the pump-probe-beam ratio, the pump intensity, and on the interaction length, using a nematic liquid-crystal film as the nonlinear medium.
We have performed an experimental and theoretical analysis of how a probe beam is modified on propagation through an SBS gain medium for various input beam parameters and total gains through the SBS medium. For the case of an undepleted lowest-order Gaussian pump beam, we found that when the probe spot size is smaller than the pump spot size in the focal region, the input probe profile is essentially preserved during amplification. However, if the probe is larger than the pump, the beam is modified as it propagates through the medium and in the limit of high gain takes on the mode structure of the pump. To model these effects mathematically, we decompose the probe wave into Laguerre-Gaussian modes and solve numerically the equations describing the spatial evolution of the individual modes. The result of the nonlinear coupling is to transfer energy from the pump beam to the probe and to redistribute the energy among the probe modes. In some cases, the transmitted probe shows a pronounced ring structure.
The theory of probe beam amplification via degenerate optical wave mixing in a Kerr medium is presented. This theory includes consideration of the self-phase modulation, two-wave mixing, and multiwave mixing terms in the coupled-wave equations. Both analytical solutions, under the assumptions of a nondepleted pump beam and a transparent Kerr medium, and numerical solutions with these assumptions removed are presented. Our solutions show that under certain conditions, phase matching can be satisfied and a high probe beam gain is possible, even for a zero phase shift between the refractive index and the intensity gratings.
We study the angular deflection of the circularly polarized components of a linearly polarized probe field in a weakly birefringent atomic system in tripod configuration. A spatially inhomogeneous control field incident obliquely onto an atomic vapor cell facilitates a large angular divergence between circular components. We show that the angular resolution can be dynamically controlled by optimally choosing the angle of incidence and the transverse profile of the control beam. For instance, by employing a Laguerre-Gaussian profile of the control field, one can impart a large angular divergence to the circular components close to the entry face of the atomic vapor cell. We further demonstrate how such a medium causes the focusing and refocusing of the probe field, thereby acting as a lens with multiple foci. The absorption in the medium remains negligible at resonance due to electromagnetically induced transparency.
In this paper, we theoretically and experimentally investigate the controllable nonlinear focusing of the weak laser beam on the basis of the induced nonlinear effects by another strong pump laser beam. When couple laser beams co-propagate in the Kerr medium, it is possible to change the refractive index by the pump beam, and the locally changing medium in turn modifies the weaker probe beam. Depending on cross-phase modulation theory, we obtain an exact analytical solution to the model under the approximate condition and qualitatively verify it in experiment. The results show that the weaker probe beam can be induced to focus at any position due to induced nonlinear effects from the stronger pump beam under certain conditions.