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Czechoslovak Journal of Physics

Strong coupling hubbard model: The high temperature expansion

Marcel Franz, M. Noga

Published Dec 1, 1989• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/bf01597610

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We develop finite-temperature strong-coupling expansions for the SU(N)\mathrm{SU}(N)SU(N) Hubbard model in powers of $\ensuremath{\beta}t, w=exp(\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\beta}U)$ and $\frac{1}{\ensuremath{\beta}U}$ for arbitrary filling. The expansions are done in the grand canonical ensemble and are most useful at a density of one particle per site, where for UUU larger than or of order of the bandwidth, the expansions converge over a wide temperature range ${t}^{2}/U\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\lesssim}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}T\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\lesssim}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}10U$. By taking the limit $w\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$, valid at temperatures much less than UUU, the expansions turn into a high-temperature expansion for a dressed SU(N)\mathrm{SU}(N)SU(N) Heisenberg model that includes nearest-neighbor exchange, further neighbor exchanges, and ring exchanges known from the T=0T=0T=0 perturbation theory of the SU(2) Hubbard model. Below a filling of one particle per site, the $w\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$ limit corresponds to an effective $t\text{\ensuremath{-}}J$ model. The onset of strong correlations can be identified by a plateaulike behavior in the entropy as a function of temperature. At small deviations from one particle per site, the expansions can be arranged in powers of a small parameter $\ensuremath{\delta}=1\ensuremath{-}n$, the deviation from one particle per site, where the leading $\ensuremath{\beta}t$-dependent terms correspond to holes sloshing around in a disordered SU(N)\mathrm{SU}(N)SU(N) background. We use these expansions to calculate the thermodynamic properties of the model at moderate and high temperatures over a wide parameter range.
We use finite-temperature strong coupling expansions to calculate thermodynamic properties of the honeycomb-lattice SU(4) Hubbard model. We present numerical results for various properties including chemical potential, compressibility, entropy and specific heat as a function of temperature and density at several U/tU/tU/t values. We study the onset of charge incompressibility and Mott gaps as the temperature is lowered at integer densities. In the incompressible Mott regime, the expansions are recast into a high-temperature expansion for a generalized spin model with SU(4) symmetry, which is then used to study the convergence of strong coupling expansions in t/Ut/Ut/U. We discuss lessons that can be drawn from high-temperature properties of a simple Hubbard model regarding twisted bilayer graphene and other magic-angle flat-band systems.