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IEEE Transactions on Magnetics

Magnetic Phases of Fermionic Atoms Confined in 1-D Optical Superlattice

Jereson Silva-Valencia, R. Franco, Marcos Sergio Figueira

Published Jul 24, 2013• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We study the ground state of alkaline-earth fermionic atoms confined in a one-dimensional optical superlattice, when the number of delocalized atoms is one-fourth the number of system sites. We used the density matrix renormalization group method and found a paramagnetic to ferromagnetic quantum phase transition for any value of the potential strength. The local critical antiferromagnetic coupling decreases as the superlattice potential increases.

DOI
10.1109/tmag.2013.2261478

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Quantum phase transition of alkaline-earth fermionic atoms confined in an optical superlattice

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We study the ground state of alkaline-earth fermionic atoms confined in a one-dimensional optical superlattice, when the number of delocalized atoms is one-fourth the number of system sites. We used the density matrix renormalization group method and found a paramagnetic to ferromagnetic quantum phase transition for any value of the potential strength. The local critical antiferromagnetic coupling decreases as the superlattice potential increases.
We calculate the entanglement of the ground state of alkaline-earth-metal fermionic atoms confined in one-dimensional optical lattices. This system can be described using the Kondo lattice model plus a harmonic confining potential, and we adopt the density-matrix renormalization group to study its ground state. We find that the local von Neumann entropy is constant in the insulating domains, and a one-to-one correspondence with the variance of the local density is observed. We show that the average entropy and its derivative are useful tools for identifying quantum transitions in impurity systems.
We study the ground-state properties of spin-1/2 fermionic atoms confined in a one-dimensional optical superlattice with harmonic confinement by using the density-matrix renormalization group method. For this purpose, we consider an ionic Hubbard model that has superlattice potentials with two-site periodicity. We find that several different types of insulating regimes coexist even if the number of atoms at each site is not an integer, but its average within the unit cell is an integer or half integer. This is contrasted to the coexisting phase of the metallic and Mott-insulating regimes known for the ordinary Hubbard model in an optical lattice. The phase characteristics are elucidated by investigating the profiles of the atom density, the local density (spin) fluctuations, the double occupation probability, and the spin correlations in detail.
We study the ground-state properties of spin-1 bosonic atoms trapped in a one-dimensional optical lattice with harmonic confinement. We have developed a highly efficient numerical method based on the Gutzwiller approximation to clarify the inhomogeneous magnetic phases induced by the harmonic confining potential. A quantum phase transition from a superfluid to a Mott insulator is examined for the respective cases with antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic interactions. It is shown that the profile of local spins over the lattice sites changes as a function of the interaction strength forming the characteristic structures, which closely correlates with the average number of atoms at the sites. For antiferromagnetic cases, we find that there is a crossover from a superfluid polar condensate to Mott-insulator domains consisting of either a spin-singlet pair or a single spin at each site.