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Physical Review A

Reply to “Comment on ‘Photoionization of helium atoms irradiated with intense vacuum ultraviolet free-electron laser light. Part II. Theoretical modeling of multiphoton and single-photon processes’ ”

Alonso Castro, Tim Laarmann, Joachim Schulz, H. Wabnitz, T. Möller

Published Aug 1, 2006• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We cannot agree with the Comment by Maquet et al. [Phys. Rev. A. 74, 027401 (2006)]. It seems that Maquet et al. are thinking in terms of classical fields. In our recent paper we have presented a study of the two-photon rate of He making use of quantized fields. This approach becomes a natural choice if we have in mind processes at high photon energy. In this description of the problem the squared vector potential $\mathbf{A}∙\mathbf{A}$ term is essential.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.74.027402

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We cannot agree with the Comment by Maquet et al. [Phys. Rev. A. 74, 027401 (2006)]. It seems that Maquet et al. are thinking in terms of classical fields. In our recent paper we have presented a study of the two-photon rate of He making use of quantized fields. This approach becomes a natural choice if we have in mind processes at high photon energy. In this description of the problem the squared vector potential A∙A\mathbf{A}∙\mathbf{A}A∙A term is essential.
The reported observation of two-photon ionization of He by 13eV13\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}13eV photons of the TESLA Facility in T. Laarmann, A. R. B. de Castro, P. G\"urtler, W. Laasch, J. Schulz, H. Wabnitz, and T. M\"oller, Phys. Rev. A72, 023409 (2005) is ambiguous, as it is not supported by the experimental data presented. We discuss the lack of evidence for the claimed two-photon ionization.
We present a quantitative theory with detailed calculations pertaining to multiphoton ionization of helium under moderately strong uv radiation of photon energy 13eV13\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}13eV. Employing both, the nonperturbative solution of the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation, as well as perturbation theory, we obtain detailed results for all processes expected to be of quantitative relevance within the range of intensities and pulse durations in this work, which have been chosen so as to match the conditions of a recent experiment on exactly this problem [T. Laarman et al., Phys. Rev. A 72, 023409 (2005)]. The conclusion, in connection with the experimental data, which our results lead to is that, without the presence of the second harmonic of the fundamental in the radiation, it is impossible to reconcile the reported observations with fundamental features of the processes involved. A more general conclusion seems to be that the presence of these harmonics, even at intensities less than 1% of that of the fundamental, are apt to produce profound side effects that will mask multiphoton processes by the fundamental.
When an atom is driven by a laser field with a photon energy that is nearly resonant with an atomic transition, it can undergo periodic population transfers between the ground and excited state, known as Rabi oscillations [1], [2]. The aim of this work is to study photoionization from atoms for parameters accessible to a free-electron laser (FEL) [3]. Using time dependent perturbation theory to model photoionization from a Rabi oscillating atom, we have shown that in addition to the expected pathway of ionization from the excited state, non-resonant two-photon ionization will have a comparable amplitude at intensities on the order of 1013W/cm2[3].