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Technical Physics Letters

Optically pumped quantum magnetometer employing two components of magnetic moment precession signal

Anton K. Vershovskii, Anatoly S. Pazgalev

Published Jan 1, 2011• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The new scheme of a combined quantum magnetometric device is proposed that represents a fast M X magnetometer, in which the phase of M X signal detection is corrected with respect to the maximum of the variable component of the atomic magnetic moment. The device combines a high response speed (τ ≤ 0.1 s) with high precision, which is determined by the resolving power of the quantum M X magnetometer for a time of an order of 100 s. The reproducibility of field measurements is on a level of 2–3 pT.

DOI
10.1134/s1063785011010159

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The new scheme of a combined quantum magnetometric device is proposed that represents a fast M X magnetometer, in which the phase of M X signal detection is corrected with respect to the maximum of the variable component of the atomic magnetic moment. The device combines a high response speed (τ ≤ 0.1 s) with high precision, which is determined by the resolving power of the quantum M X magnetometer for a time of an order of 100 s. The reproducibility of field measurements is on a level of 2–3 pT.
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A high-sensitivity optically pumped atomic magnetometer working in the geomagnetic range utilizing the light-narrowing effect and in-phase excitation is described. The setup is based on a simple pump–probe arrangement built around a Cs vapor cell whose active volume is 64 mm3. The transverse oscillating field is applied parallel to the probe beam to drive Zeeman resonance, and the in-phase component of the resonance signal is measured to determine the field. The sensitivity of the magnetometer is improved by pumping most atoms into the stretched state. Consequently, spin-exchange relaxation is suppressed, and a sensitivity of 0.1 pT/Hz1/2 in the range of 10 μT is achieved. This magnetometer has the advantages of large dynamic range, high performance of low-frequency stabilization, high response speed, and compact size. It can be used for many cutting-edge applications such as detection of magnetic anomalies.
Quantum measurement using coherent superposition of intrinsic atomic states has the advantage of being absolute measurement and can form metrological standards. One example is the absolute measurement of magnetic field by monitoring the Larmor precession of atomic spins whilst another being the Ramsey type atomic clock. Yet, in almost all coherent quantum measurement, the precision is limited by the coherence time beyond which, the uncertainty decreases only as τ(-1/2). Here we show that by non-destructively measuring the phase of the Larmor precession and regenerating the coherence via optical pumping, the self-sustaining Larmor precession signal can persist indefinitely. Consequently, the precision of the magnetometer increases with time following a much faster τ(-1) rule. A mean sensitivity of 240 from 1 Hz to 10 Hz is realized, being close to the shot noise level. This method of coherence regeneration may also find important applications in improving the performance of atomic clocks.
We demonstrate a three-axis atomic magnetometer with one intensity-modulated pump beam and one orthogonal probe beam. The main field component is measured using the resonance of the pumping light, while the transverse field components are measured simultaneously using the optical rotation of the probe beam modulated by the spin precession. It is an all-optical magnetometer without using any modulation field or radio frequency field. Magnetic field sensitivity of 0.8 pT/Hz1∕2 is achieved under a bias field of 2 μT.
A dip of the transverse component of the magnetic moment as a function of resonance frequency-detuning will emerge when the intensity of oscillating magnetic field exceeds a specific value, which is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally. The linewidth of magnetic-resonance signal can be much smaller than when the M x – M R magnetometer operates on condition that the intensity of oscillating magnetic field is smaller than this specific value, and the M x – M R magnetometer can possess a much higher signal-to-noise ratio. The experimental result shows that the sensitivity of M x – M R magnetometer can be improved by an order of magnitude under this condition.