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Zeitschrift für Physik D Atoms Molecules and Clusters

VSCPT subrecoil laser cooling of atoms with a non-degenerated (J=0) ground state

I. E. Mazets, Norbert Leinfellner, I. A. Grigorenko, Boris G. Matisov, Laurentius Windholz

Published Dec 1, 1996• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s004600050099

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This paper presents new experimental realizations of sub‐recoil laser cooling by velocity selective coherent population trapping (VSCPT). Starting from a cloud of trapped and precooled metastable helium atoms, it has been possible to achieve a VSCPT interaction time of 500 μs. This has enabled the momentum distribution to be compressed along one or two orthogonal axes to better than δp = ħk/4 where ħk is the photon momentum. The corresponding temperature is at least 16 times smaller than the single photon recoil limit, and the de Broglie wavelength of the atoms is at least 4 times larger than the wavelength of the laser used to cool the atoms. Recent theoretical developments are also described, establishing a connection between subrecoil cooling and Lévy flights and allowing one to get analytical expressions for the proportion of cooled atoms in the long time limit. Finally, the possibility of increasing the efficiency of VSCPT by Sisyphus precooling is briefly mentioned.
We show that an ensemble of atoms in highly excited states with narrow center-of-mass momentum distribution (cold Rydberg atoms) can be obtained with velocity-selective (pi) - pulses and laser cooling by velocity-selective coherent population trapping (VSCPT). Both methods use three-level cascade systems with the uppermost state being the Rydberg one where the atoms are excited and cooled. Very high fraction of atoms can be cooled to subrecoil temperatures by the use of VSCPT in standing light waves.
We represent a new solution of the set of equations describing laser cooling of atoms by velocity selective coherent population tapping. Our solution is valid at large interaction time t in a full range of atomic kinetic momenta. Referring to this analytic expression we obtain the formula for lowest achievable temperature of cooled atoms for given experimental conditions. We demonstrate that the cooling efficiency decreases as t -3/4, when t is greater than or equal to (Gamma) 12-1, where (Gamma) 12 is the low-frequency atomic coherence decay rate. Also the case of subrecoil laser cooling in vertical direction is examined and the gravitational force influence is estimated.