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The European Physical Journal D

Multilevel atomic entanglement induced by spontaneous emission in free space

Guo-Hui Yang, Ling Zhou

Published Mar 4, 2008• 3 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1140/epjd/e2008-00040-4

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Communications in Theoretical Physics•Mar 1, 2010•0 citations
We study spontaneously generated entanglement (SGE) between two identical multilevel atoms in free space via vacuum-induced radiative coupling. We show that the SGE in two-atom systems may initially increase with time but eventually vanishes in the time scale determined by the excited-state lifetime and radiative coupling strength between the two atoms. We demonstrate that steady-state SGE can be established by incoherently pumping the atoms to their excited states. We have shown that an appropriate rate of incoherent pump can help in producing optimal steady-state SGE. The multilevel systems offer us more channels to establish entanglement. The system under consideration can be realized in a tight trap or atoms/ions doped in a solid substrate.
Spontaneous emission can create coherences in a multilevel atom having close-lying levels, subject to the condition that the atomic dipole matrix elements are nonorthogonal. This condition is rarely met in atomic systems. We report the possibility of bypassing this condition and thereby creating coherences by letting the atom with orthogonal dipoles interact with the vacuum of a preselected polarized cavity mode rather than the free-space vacuum. We derive a master equation for the reduced density operator of a model four-level atomic system, and obtain its analytical solution to describe the interference effects. We report the quantum beat structure in the populations.
We investigate the entanglement properties between two identical atoms with cascade configuration through the retarded dipole-dipole interaction in free space when their spatial separation is on the order of radiation wavelength or less. We analyze the function of Hamiltonian induced by dipole-dipole interaction. By solving master equation, we show that the spontaneous emission induce entanglement and destroy entanglement too. We also show the long life time of entanglement within cascade configuration.