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Solid-state Quantum Memory for Quantum Communication

Mikael Afzelius, Christoph Clausen, Imam Usmani, Pierre Jobez, Félix Bussières, Nuala Timoney, Nicolas Sangouard, Nicolas Gisin

Published Jan 1, 2013• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Optical quantum memories are essential components of future quantum technologies. Here we show experimental results of heralded quantum entanglement between two memories, storage of single-photon polarization qubits and milliseconds spin-wave storage using rare-earth doped crystals.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_qels.2013.qth1l.1

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Photonic quantum memories are important devices in quantum information science, and are crucial for several applications including quantum repeaters and quantum networks. Rare-earth (RE) doped crystals are promising candidates as quantum memories for light as they offer coherence properties comparable to those of atomic systems, but free of the drawbacks deriving from atomic motion. The research on RE based quantum memories has been so far mostly focused on the mapping of photonic quantum bits to optical collective excitations, but this leads to short lived and mostly pre-determined storage. However, some RE ions, as Praseodymium and Europium, exhibit the suitable energy level scheme, with three long-lived hyperfine ground states, to enable the spin-wave storage by transferring the collective optical excitations into collective spin excitations. Proof of principle spin-wave quantum memories have been reported in rare-earth doped crystals, using weak coherent states as input [1,2]. Here, I will present our recent results on the realization of multimode spin-wave quantum memories in a Praseodymium doped crystal, using non-classical input light. [1] M. Gündoğan, P. M. Ledingham, K. Kutluer, M. Mazzera and H. de Riedmatten , A solid state spin-wave quantum memory for time-bin qubits, Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 230501 (2015) [2] P. Jobez, C. Laplane, N. Timoney, N. Gisin, A. Ferrier, P. Goldner, and M. Afzelius, Coherent Spin Control at the Quantum Level in an Ensemble-Based Optical Memory, Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 230502 (2015)
Rare-earth (RE) doped crystals are promising candidates as quantum memories as they offer coherence properties comparable to those of atomic systems, but free of the drawbacks deriving from the atomic motion. The research on RE doped crystals quantum memories has been so far mostly focused on the mapping of quantum bits to optical collective excitations using the atomic frequency comb (AFC) or the gradient echo memory protocols [1-3]. However, this leads to short lived and mostly pre-determined storage. In this contribution, we report the first solid state spin-wave optical quantum memory with on-demand read-out. We also demonstrate the first spin-wave storage of time-bin qubits with conditional fidelities higher than for classical memories [4].
Abstract An optical quantum memory is a device that can store photonic quantum information and release it after a controlled time. It is an essential component for overcoming channel losses in large‐scale quantum networks. Optical quantum memories have been demonstrated with various physical systems including atomic gases, single atoms in optical cavities, and rare‐earth‐ion doped solids. Now, quantum memories are marching toward miniaturization and integration for large‐scale practical applications. Solid state systems stand as a natural choice due to the physical stability and ease of micro or nano fabrication using well‐established techniques. In the past decade, considerable efforts have been devoted to developing photonic integrated quantum memories, that is, quantum memories based on micro/nano‐photonic structures manufactured in solids. Remarkable performances have been achieved with integrated quantum memories, with the advantages of lower laser/electric power requirements, small volumes, large storage densities, and easy implementations. In this article, the basic concepts of optical quantum memories, the state‐of‐the‐art technologies for fabricating integrated quantum memories in rare‐earth ions doped crystals, and recent advances are introduced, and the roadmap for developing practically useful devices for applications in quantum networks is discussed.