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Japanese Journal of Applied Physics

Collapse of Quantized Conductance in a Mesoscopic Tomonaga-Luttinger Liquid

Masao Ogata, Hidetoshi Fukuyama

Published Aug 1, 1995• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The quantized value of conductance in a quantum wire is discussed near the Mott transition. The way in which the quantized value collapses is also predicted as a function of temperature and length of the wire by taking account of both impurity scattering and mutual Coulomb interactions, i.e. the case of dirty Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid.
DOI
10.1143/jjap.34.4284

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As voltage decreases d.c. condctivity of a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid wire collapses to a small value determined by the length of the wire and its contacts with the leads. In condition that voltage drop (V) mostly occurs across a tunnel barrier inside the wire the tunneling density of states and, hence, the differential conductivity are shown to exhibit an interference structure resulted from the transition of the Luttinger liquid quasiparticles into free electrons at the exits from the wire. The finite length correction to the scale-invariant V2/g−2V^{2/g-2}V2/g−2 dependence of the conductivity oscillates as a function of voltage with periodicities related to both rigth and left traversal times.
We investigate the system-size dependence as well as the temperature dependence of the conductance in 1D electron systems, paying particular attention to the effect of Umklapp scattering. By taking into account the renormalization of the external potential due to electron-electron interaction, the correction to the conductance, 2e^2/h, due to Umklapp scattering is estimated perturbatively. The Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid parameter appears in the conductance via the system-size and temperature dependence.
We discuss the conductance of quantum wires (QW) in terms of the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) theory. We use explicitly the charge fractionalization scheme which results from the chiral symmetry of the model. We suggest that results of the standard two-terminal (2T) conductance measurement depend on the coupling of TLL with the reservoirs and can be interpreted as different boundary conditions at the interfaces. We propose a three-terminal (3T) geometry in which the third contact is connected weakly to the bulk of TLL subjected to a large bias current. We develop a renormalization group (RG) analysis for this problem by taking explicitly into account the splitting of the injected electronic charge into two chiral irrational charges. We study in the presence of {\it bulk} contact the leading order corrections to the conductance for two different boundary conditions, which reproduce in the absence of {\it bulk} contact, respectively, the standard 2T source-drain (SD) conductance GSD(2)=e2/hG_{\rm SD}^{(2)}=e^2/hGSD(2)​=e2/h and GSD(2)=ge2/hG_{\rm SD}^{(2)}=ge^2/hGSD(2)​=ge2/h, where ggg is the TLL charge interaction parameter. We find that under these two boundary conditions for the {\it end} contacts the 3T SD conductance GSD(3)G_{\rm SD}^{(3)}GSD(3)​ shows an UV-relevant deviation from the above two values, suggesting new fixed points in the ohmic limit. Non-trivial scaling exponents are predicted as a result of electron fractionalization.
We discuss the conductance of quantum wires in terms of the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) theory. We use explicitly the charge fractionalization scheme which results from the chiral symmetry of the model. We suggest that results of the standard two-terminal (2T) conductance measurement depend on the coupling of TLL with the reservoirs and can be interpreted as different boundary conditions at the interfaces. We propose a three-terminal (3T) geometry in which the third contact is connected weakly to the bulk of TLL subjected to a large bias current. We develop a renormalization-group (RG) analysis for this problem by taking explicitly into account the splitting of the injected electronic charge into two chiral irrational charges. We study in the presence of bulk contact the leading-order corrections to the conductance for two different boundary conditions, which reproduce in the absence of bulk contact, respectively, the standard 2T source-drain (SD) conductance GSD(2)=e2/h{G}_{\mathrm{SD}}^{(2)}{=e}^{2}/hGSD(2)​=e2/h and GSD(2)=ge2/h,{G}_{\mathrm{SD}}^{(2)}{=ge}^{2}/h,GSD(2)​=ge2/h, where g is the TLL charge interaction parameter. We find that under these two boundary conditions for the end contacts the 3T SD conductance GSD(3){G}_{\mathrm{SD}}^{(3)}GSD(3)​ shows an UV-relevant deviation from the above two values, suggesting new fixed points in the Ohmic limit. Nontrivial scaling exponents are predicted as a result of electron fractionalization.
In one-dimensional conductors, Coulomb interactions result in correlated electronic systems called Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids (TLL). The TLL physics also applies to other many-body phenomena, providing complementary viewpoints while benefiting from the powerful TLL framework. One such phenomenon is the low-energy conductance suppression of a quantum coherent conductor embedded in a dissipative circuit, an effect called dynamical Coulomb blockade. Here we investigate the basic class of mesoscopic circuits constituted by a short single-channel quantum conductor in series with a resistance R. Remarkably, such circuits can be mapped on a TLL of interaction parameter 1/(1+Re^2/h), with an impurity. From this mapping, generalized to realistic dissipative circuits, a scaling law for the suppressed conductance is derived at R=h/e^2, and small deviations computed for R \neq h/e^2. We find that the scaling law is obeyed by our data for arbitrary quantum channels, emulated by a Ga(Al)As quantum point contact, and by the recent data of Mebrahtu et al. [Nature 488, 61 (2012)] obtained using a carbon nanotube. This demonstrates a highly tunable test-bed for TLL physics, and consolidates a recently proposed phenomenological expression for the conductance of a quantum channel in a linear circuit.
The finiteness of the length of a one-channel wire results in a crossover from Tomonaga-Luttinger to Fermi-liquid behavior with lowering energy scale. Under the condition that the voltage drop (V)(V)(V) mostly occurs across a tunnel barrier inside the wire, we determined the coefficients of temperature and voltage expansion for low-energy conductance as a function of the interaction strength and the right and left traversal times. At higher voltage, the finite-length contribution exhibits oscillations related to both traversal times and becomes a slowly decaying correction to the scale-invariant ${V}^{1/g\ensuremath{-}1}$ dependence of the conductance.