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AIP conference proceedings

Decoherence in infinite quantum systems

Philippe Blanchard, Mario Hellmich

Published Jan 1, 2012• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We review and discuss a notion of decoherence formulated in the algebraic framework of quantum physics. Besides presenting some sufficient conditions for the appearance of decoherence in the case of Markovian time evolutions we provide an overview over possible decoherence scenarios. The framework for decoherence we establish is sufficiently general to accommodate quantum systems with infinitely many degrees of freedom.

DOI
10.1063/1.4746056

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We review and discuss a notion of decoherence formulated in the algebraic framework of quantum physics. Besides presenting some sufficient conditions for the appearance of decoherence in the case of Markovian time evolutions we provide an overview over possible decoherence scenarios. The framework for decoherence we establish is sufficiently general to accommodate quantum systems with infinitely many degrees of freedom.
I give an informal overview of the decoherent histories approach to quantum mechanics, due to Griffiths, to Omnès, and to Gell-Mann and Hartle is given. Results on the connections between decoherence, records, correlation and entropy are described. The emphasis of the presentation is on understanding the broader meaning of the conditions of consistency and decoherence, and in particular, the extent to which they permit one to assign definite properties to the system. The quantum Brownian motion model is briefly discussed. (To appear in proceedings of the workshop, "Stochastic Evolution of Quantum States in Open Systems and Measurement Processes", Budapest, March, 1993, edited by L.Diosi).
In this review we discuss some results on the asymptotic dynamics of finite-dimensional open quantum systems in the Heisenberg picture. Both the spectral and algebraic approaches to this topic are addressed, with particular emphasis on their relationship. The analysis is conducted in both the discrete-time and the continuous-time Markovian settings. In the final part of the work, some issues emerging in the infinite-dimensional case are also discussed. In particular, we provide an example of a Markovian evolution whose decoherence-free algebra is a type III von Neumann algebra.
The interaction of a quantum system with a many degree of freedom environment entails damping and the loss of quantum coherence. In these two lectures we focus on two aspects of open quantum system dynamics. First, we present decoherence as a dynamical phenomenon and determine the corresponding time scales, discuss an experiment and the nature of robust states, and mention universal properties of short-time decoherence of macroscopic superpositions. Secondly, in analogy to the classical description of open systems in terms of Langevin equations, we present a stochastic approach to open quantum system dynamics in terms of a stochastic Schrödinger equation. We give a microscopic derivation that allows us to generalize the stochastic approach to non-Markovian situations. We discuss a convolutionless formulation of our theory and finally, we focus on the quantised version of Brownian motion as an often-employed example.
A new class of quasifree quantum Markov semigroups on C*-algebras of canonical commutation relations is introduced and discussed. Two applications to decoherence in the Heisenberg representation are given. In the first one the dynamical semigroup which leads to the appearance of decoherence induced superselection rules corresponding to the boundary conditions of a quantum particle in a finite interval is considered. The second example analyzes the possibility of the transition from infinite systems to systems with a finite number of degrees of freedom.