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Progress of Theoretical Physics

Critical Exponents and Scaling Relations in 1/nExpansion. II

S. Hikami

Published Apr 1, 1973• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The critical exponents δ and Δ are derived in powers of 1/n to first order for the n-vector model with short range interactions. Scaling relations α=2+γ-Δ, δ=(d+2-η)/(d-2+η) and δ=Δ/(Δ-2γ) are confirmed exactly up to order 1/n. By considering successive derivatives of magnetization with respect to external field and temperature, the equations of state above the critical point M=∑∞m=0cmε-γ-(m-1)ΔH2m-1 and M=∑∞m=0amH1-2(γ+m)/δεm are confirmed up to order 1/n.

DOI
10.1143/ptp.49.1096

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The critical exponents δ and Δ are derived in powers of 1/n to first order for the n-vector model with short range interactions. Scaling relations α=2+γ-Δ, δ=(d+2-η)/(d-2+η) and δ=Δ/(Δ-2γ) are confirmed exactly up to order 1/n. By considering successive derivatives of magnetization with respect to external field and temperature, the equations of state above the critical point M=∑∞m=0cmε-γ-(m-1)ΔH2m-1 and M=∑∞m=0amH1-2(γ+m)/δεm are confirmed up to order 1/n.
For pt. II, see abstr. A64455 of 1973. The critical-point exponents of two Ising models with pure three-spin coupling terms are examined using low-temperature (T<T c ) series expansions for the thermodynamic functions. In particular the critical isotherm exponent delta is examined by applying numerical extrapolation methods to the critical isotherm. The two models are (a) a two-dimensional triangular lattice and (b) a three-dimensional face-centred cubic lattice. Direct numerical estimates of alpha ', beta and delta for (b) show that the scaling relations hold for this model and it is found that alpha '=0.655, beta =0.0538, gamma =1.24, nu =0.448, eta =-0.76, and delta =24 on the basis of the scaling relations. The numerical accuracy of the exponents beta and delta for model (a) does not permit an independent verification of the scaling relations; assuming scaling to hold here also, and using the exact result alpha '= 2 / 3 obtained by Baxter and Wu, it is found that gamma '=1.187+or-0.006, nu = 2 / 3 , eta =0.219+or-0.009, beta =0.073+or-0.003, and delta =17.3+or-0.8.
The definitions and determination of the thermodynamic magnetic critical point exponents α, α′, β, γ, γ′ and δ are reviewed, and ``gap exponents'' Δ and Δ′ for the divergences of higher derivatives of the free energy with respect to the field are introduced. The rigorous inequalities relating the exponents are discussed. The ``microdomain'' or ``cluster'' model of ferromagnetism leads to relations between these exponents since it expresses them in terms of two underlying exponents σ and τ. The exponent σ is directly related to the effective surface free energy of a large microdomain and thence to the dimensionality. This yields some insight into the meaning of the observed exponent values and of the differences between the critical behavior of the Ising and Heisenberg models. The recently developed homogeneity and scaling arguments are presented. These generate the same thermodynamic exponent relations and further ones for the correlation exponents η, ν and ν′. They also indicate that a general law of corresponding states might hold in the critical region. Theoretical and experimental evidence on the validity of these various ideas is briefly reviewed.