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Physical Review Letters

Interaction between a Spatially Extended Collection of Two-Level Systems and a Resonant Radiation Mode

A. Shalom

Published Feb 27, 1978• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

This paper reports on the analysis of a spatially extended collection of two-level systems inside a cavity filled with electromagnetic radiation. A new feature of the analysis is the consideration of different strengths of coupling between different atoms and the field (due to the variation of the field intensity inside the cavity). The results are qualitatively different from those obtained under the assumption of equal coupling for all atoms.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.40.544

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This paper reports on the analysis of a spatially extended collection of two-level systems inside a cavity filled with electromagnetic radiation. A new feature of the analysis is the consideration of different strengths of coupling between different atoms and the field (due to the variation of the field intensity inside the cavity). The results are qualitatively different from those obtained under the assumption of equal coupling for all atoms.
The quantum mechanical analysis for a non-resonant case of a single radiation mode interacting with a two-level atom in a cavity is studied. Expressions for the mean value of photon number and the time evolution of the atomic motion are given. The frequency of exchange energy between the atomic levels and the radiation field systems for non- resonant and resonant interactions is obtained. Results for all initial states of the atom-radiation field are presented. Results for resonant and non-resonant interactions are compared.
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Abstract In this article the effect of intensity-dependent coupling and the atomic dissipation on the interaction of a pair of three-level atoms in the Ξ configuration with a bi-mode cavity field are studied. The solution of the proposed model is obtained in the resonance case. Some statistical quantities are discussed to discover the characteristics of the model. With different nonlinearity functions, the population inversion and the photon number dynamics, which display the phenomenon of collapses and revivals are discussed. The non-classical effects by examining the Mandel Q-parameter are considered. The amount of correlation between the two atoms and the field is estimated by analyzing the results of the fidelity.
In the present report, the question of U(1) symmetry breaking in a system of atoms and electromagnetic fields, interacting inside a leaky cavity, filled with a nonlinear medium, is addressed. In particular, the Z2{Z}_{2}Z2​ discrete symmetry of the system and the emergence of optical phases are fully discussed. For the nonlinearity of a general order, with an electromagnetic field of any number of modes, conditions under which the resulting field-field interactions destroy the U(1) (and Z2{Z}_{2}Z2​) symmetry are determined. We then apply the theory to the case of a collection of two-level atoms and three electromagnetic modes. Taking one of the fields as a classically adjustable pumping one, it is demonstrated that the quantized field-field coupling profoundly depends upon the pump field strength. The presence of two competing phenomena, namely, the cavity photonic dissipation and nonlinearity, is shown to lead the system towards steady behavior. The steady-state solutions to the atomic population and field quadratures exhibit the normal and superradiant phases, depending on the strengths of pumping field and atom-field couplings. The conditions for the stability of such steady-state solutions are also discussed in detail. A notable result of the present article is that by adjusting the parameters involved in the system one can switch from the normal to electric and/or magnetic superradiant phases.