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Frontiers in Optics

Optical Quantum Information: Computing, Communication, and Metrology

Andrew G. White

Published Jan 1, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum information protocols range from subtle but straightforward — e.g., cryptography via quantum key distribution — to greatly complicated, notably quantum computation. To date, quantum cryptography has been realised in a variety of optical systems, whilst there is currently a worldwide effort to identify, implement and characterise suitable physical systems for quantum computation [1]. In this talk we look at optical systems for quantum computation, communication, and metrology.

DOI
10.1364/fio.2005.fwd4

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Quantum information protocols range from subtle but straightforward — e.g., cryptography via quantum key distribution — to greatly complicated, notably quantum computation. To date, quantum cryptography has been realised in a variety of optical systems, whilst there is currently a worldwide effort to identify, implement and characterise suitable physical systems for quantum computation [1]. In this talk we look at optical systems for quantum computation, communication, and metrology.
To advance quantum information science and technologies, a wide variety of quantum machines and protocols are being developed based on different physical systems. Interconnecting these systems is a grand challenge to scale up quantum information architectures. This effort requires to develop specialized photonic devices and capabilities, ranging from efficient photon extraction for qubit connectivity to the implementation of advanced optical memories. In this talk, I will provide an overview of the opportunities presented by networking, including long-distance quantum communications and distributed quantum computing. I will also present our recent experimental demonstrations, which enable the realization of a quantum-bit-encoding converter, the implementation and use of highly-efficient quantum memories based on laser-cooled neutral atoms, and the development of nanophotonic devices for qubit coupling.
To advance quantum information science and technologies, a wide variety of quantum machines and protocols are being developed based on different physical systems. Interconnecting these systems is a grand challenge to scale up quantum information architectures. This effort requires to develop specialized photonic devices and capabilities, ranging from efficient photon extraction for qubit connectivity to the implementation of advanced optical memories. In this talk, I will provide an overview of the opportunities presented by networking, including long-distance quantum communication and distributed quantum computing. I will also present our recent experimental demonstrations, which enable the realization of a quantum-bit-encoding converter, the implementation and use of highly-efficient quantum memories based on laser-cooled neutral atoms, and the development of nanophotonic devices for qubit coupling.
Quantum Key Distribution, a fundamental component of quantum secure communication that exploits quantum states and resources for communication protocols, can future-proof the security of digital communications, when if advanced quantum computing systems and mathematical advances render current algorithmic cryptography insecure. A QKD system relies on the integration of quantum physical devices, as quantum sources, quantum channels and quantum detectors, in order to generate a true random (unconditionally secure) cryptographic key between two remote parties connected through a quantum channel. The gap between QKD implemented with ideal and real devices can be exploited to attack real systems, unless appropriate countermeasures are implemented. Characterization of real devices and countermeasure is necessary to guarantee security. Free-space QKD systems can provide secure communication to remote parties of the globe, while QKD systems based on entanglement are intrinsically less vulnerable to attack. Metrology to characterize the optical components of these systems is required. Actually, the “Optical metrology for quantum-enhanced secure telecommunication” Project (MIQC2) is steering the metrological effort for Quantum Cryptography in the European region in order to accelerate the development and commercial uptake of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) technologies. Aim of the project is the development of traceable measurement techniques, apparatus, and protocols that will underpin the characterisation and validation of the performance and quantum-safe security of such systems, essential steps towards standardization and certification of practical implementations of quantum-based technologies.
Quantum information science is a rapidly evolving field, and it is still unclear which physical systems will ultimately prove best-suited for the practical implementation of computing and communication technologies. It is quite clear, however, that optical components and methodology will play a central role in the development of quantum communication systems and in the realization of general purpose protocols for quantum measurement and quantum control. In this talk I will review recent work in our group that illustrates these connections between quantum optics and quantum information science. In particular, I will describe our ongoing work on adaptive quantum measurements, quantum feedback control, and the use of photonic bandgap structures for quantum-optical networking.
Abstract Quantum information theory is built upon the realisation that quantum resources like coherence and entanglement can be exploited for novel or enhanced ways of transmitting and manipulating information, such as quantum cryptography, teleportation, and quantum computing. We now know that there is potentially much more than entanglement behind the power of quantum information processing. There exist more general forms of non-classical correlations, stemming from fundamental principles such as the necessary disturbance induced by a local measurement, or the persistence of quantum coherence in all possible local bases. These signatures can be identified and are resilient in almost all quantum states, and have been linked to the enhanced performance of certain quantum protocols over classical ones in noisy conditions. Their presence represents, among other things, one of the most essential manifestations of quantumness in cooperative systems, from the subatomic to the macroscopic domain. In this work we give an overview of the current quest for a proper understanding and characterisation of the frontier between classical and quantum correlations (QCs) in composite states. We focus on various approaches to define and quantify general QCs, based on different yet interlinked physical perspectives, and comment on the operational significance of the ensuing measures for quantum technology tasks such as information encoding, distribution, discrimination and metrology. We then provide a broader outlook of a few applications in which quantumness beyond entanglement looks fit to play a key role.