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Physical Review A

Quantum entanglement of anisotropic magnetic nanodots

Ralph Skomski, Andrei Y. Istomin, Anthony F. Starace, D. J. Sellmyer

Published Dec 8, 2004• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Anisotropic magnetic nanodots are promising physical realizations of qubits for quantum computing at finite temperature owing to their well-separated low-lying energy levels and scalability. The entanglement of two interacting magnetic nanodots is investigated and shown both analytically and numerically to be resonantly dependent on their interaction strength and on differences in their properties. These results provide criteria for fabricating and coupling magnetic nanodots so that their low-lying eigenstates can be significantly entangled.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.70.062307

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Anisotropic magnetic nanodots are promising physical realizations of qubits for quantum computing at finite temperature owing to their well-separated low-lying energy levels and scalability. The entanglement of two interacting magnetic nanodots is investigated and shown both analytically and numerically to be resonantly dependent on their interaction strength and on differences in their properties. These results provide criteria for fabricating and coupling magnetic nanodots so that their low-lying eigenstates can be significantly entangled.
Anisotropic magnetic nanodots are promising physical realizations of qubits for quantum computing at finite temperature owing to their well-separated low-lying energy levels and scalability. The entanglement of two interacting magnetic nanodots is investigated and shown both analytically and numerically to be resonantly dependent on their interaction strength and on differences in their properties. These results provide criteria for fabricating and coupling magnetic nanodots so that their low-lying eigenstates can be significantly entangled.
The potential use of interacting magnetic nanodots for quantum computing (qubit) operations is investigated by model calculations. The quantum entanglement of the low-lying ferromagnetic states, as quantified by the concurrence, exhibits a resonant peak whose position and width depend on parameters such as dot anisotropy, interdot exchange, and external field gradient. The maximum operation temperature is proportional to the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the dot material. A specific condition is that the dots are sufficiently small so that the interatomic exchange ensures a coherent magnetization state and quantum coherence at finite temperatures. From a material point of view, there is a quite rigid upper limit of about 100 K, but to avoid decoherence it will be necessary to sacrifice a substantial fraction of this temperature, probably at least one order of magnitude.
We investigate the quantum entanglement of the ground state and the mixed states at finite temperatures for a two-qubit system within the framework of an anisotropic Heisenberg XYZ model in the presence of a nonuniform magnetic field. As a measure of the entanglement, the concurrence of the two-qubit states is calculated and is analysed in detail as a function of the coupling constants, magnetic field and temperature. Consequently, we show that the combined influence of the anisotropic interaction and the nonuniformity of the magnetic fields predicts much pronounced entanglement properties.
We propose a complete, quantitative quantum computing system which satisfies the five DiVincenzo criteria. The model is based on magnetic clusters with uniaxial anisotropy, where standard, two-state qubits are formed utilizing the two lowest-lying states of an anisotropic potential energy. We outline the quantum dynamics required by quantum computing for single qubit structures, and then define a novel measurement scheme in which qubit sates can be measured by sharp changes in current as voltage across the cluster is varied. We then extend the single qubit description to multiple qubit interactions, facilitated specifically by a new entanglement method which propagates the controlled-NOT (C-NOT) quantum gate.