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Chinese Physics B

Nondestructive and complete Bell-state analysis for atomic qubit systems

He Yong, Nian-Quan Jiang

Published Sep 1, 2010• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper realizes a nondestructive and complete Bell-state analysis for atomic qubit systems by a designed nondestructive and complete Bell-state analyser. In the scheme, Bell states are completely discriminated by two bits of classical informations which comes from the locality single atom detection on two auxiliary atoms, during which the Bell states are not affected. The needed devices are well within the bounds of current technology, and then the scheme is experimentally feasible.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/19/9/090310

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This paper realizes a nondestructive and complete Bell-state analysis for atomic qubit systems by a designed nondestructive and complete Bell-state analyser. In the scheme, Bell states are completely discriminated by two bits of classical informations which comes from the locality single atom detection on two auxiliary atoms, during which the Bell states are not affected. The needed devices are well within the bounds of current technology, and then the scheme is experimentally feasible.
Abstract A protocol for complete and nondestructive atomic Bell‐state analysis by using inverse engineering is presented. The setups for the Bell‐state analysis contain four atoms trapped in four separated cavities, respectively. The laser pulses designed by inverse engineering help in the manipulation of the transitions of atoms in a robust manner. By using the protocol, the information for distinguishing four Bell states of two information‐carrying atoms is encoded on two auxiliary atoms. Therefore, the four Bell states can be distinguished without being destroyed by detecting the states of the two auxiliary atoms. Moreover, as shown by the numerical simulations, the protocol has high successful probabilities to distinguish four Bell states when decoherence is considered. Thus, the protocol may provide some helpful perspectives for the quantum information tasks based on Bell states.
We propose a protocol for complete Bell-state analysis for two superconducting-quantum-interference-device qubits. The Bell-state analysis could be completed by using a sequence of microwave pulses designed by the transitionless tracking algorithm, which is a useful method in the technique of shortcut to adiabaticity. After the whole process, the information for distinguishing four Bell states will be encoded on two auxiliary qubits, while the Bell states remain unchanged. One can read out the information by detecting the auxiliary qubits. Thus the Bell-state analysis is nondestructive. The numerical simulations show that the protocol possesses a high success probability of distinguishing each Bell state with current experimental technology even when decoherence is taken into account. Thus, the protocol may have potential applications for the information readout in quantum communications and quantum computations in superconducting quantum networks.
Bell-state analysis is a considerable challenge and an essential requirement for reliable implementation of quantum communication proposals. An open question is the one for the maximal fraction of successful Bell measurements. It has been pointed out that no scheme using only linear elements can implement a Bell state analyzer. Some effort has paid attention to the complete polarization-entangled Bell-state analysis using linear optics, with the aid of auxiliary means. Here we present a symmetry-broken scheme with linear optics only, without any aid of other auxiliary means, for discriminating polarization-entangled Bell states. Although our scheme is unable of realizing complete Bell-state measurement for less photon-pairs situation, it can deterministically identify four Bell states with success probabilities beyond 99.2% provided that photon-pairs are not less than 8. Our scheme as a significant breakthrough is simpler and feasible with respect to the current technology for the near-complete Bell-state analysis. Symmetry breaking is indispensable in our scheme as in other physical systems.
Abstract One of the most fascinating aspects of quantum networks is their capability to distribute entanglement as a nonlocal communication resource1. In a first step, this requires network-ready devices that can generate and store entangled states2. Another crucial step, however, is to develop measurement techniques that allow for entanglement detection. Demonstrations for different platforms3–13 suffer from being not complete, destructive or local. Here, we demonstrate a complete and nondestructive measurement scheme14–16 that always projects any initial state of two spatially separated network nodes onto a maximally entangled state. Each node consists of an atom trapped inside an optical resonator from which two photons are successively reflected. Polarization measurements on the photons discriminate between the four maximally entangled states. Remarkably, such states are not destroyed by our measurement. In the future, our technique might serve to probe the decay of entanglement and to stabilize it against dephasing via repeated measurements17,18.
We propose a scheme capable of performing complete Bell-state analysis for a single-photon hybrid entangled state. Our single-photon state is encoded in both polarization and frequency degrees of freedom. The setup of the scheme is composed of polarizing beam splitters, half wave plates, frequency shifters, and independent wavelength division multiplexers, which are feasible using current technology. We also show that with this setup we can perform complete two-photon Bell-state analysis schemes for polarization degrees of freedom. Moreover, it can also be used to perform the teleportation scheme between different degrees of freedom. This setup may allow extensive applications in current quantum communications.
High-dimensional quantum systems greatly outperform their two-dimensional counterparts in channel capacity, quantum complexity and efficiency, quantum communication security, etc. Bell-state analyzer (BSA) is a crucial prerequisite for a number of quantum communication protocols. We propose an approach for completely and deterministically distinguishing a set of arbitrary ddd-dimensional (d≥3d \geq 3d≥3) Bell states via indefinite causal order (ICO). In previous schemes, bit and phase information are discriminated in succession. Exploiting the gravitational ICO as the sole resource, we propose some high-dimensional BSA schemes. Independent of the dimensions, a set of generalized Bell states are completely and deterministically discriminated by adjusting the form of the embedded local single-qudit gates within ICO switch and measuring each qudit in the {∣0⟩,∣1⟩,⋯ ,∣d−1⟩}\{|0\rangle, |1\rangle, \cdots, |d-1\rangle\}{∣0⟩,∣1⟩,⋯,∣d−1⟩} basis. Notably, in our high-dimensional BSA process, the indefinite causal structure is not consumed. Hence a completely nondestructive high-dimensional BSA can be achieved by iterating the indefinite causal structure process for two rounds.