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Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics

Hyperfine structure of Stark sublevels in a resonant electromagnetic field

Vladimir G Bordo, A A Kiselev, A. V. Liapzev

Published Sep 14, 1984• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The dynamic Stark effect is considered for the case when Stark splittings exceed the hyperfine intervals. The electromagnetic field is supposed to be monochromatic and the quasi-energy approach is applied. The HFS of the quasi-energy levels is shown to be dependent on the intensity of the resonance electromagnetic field and on the detuning. The resonance fluorescence and absorption spectra of a probe field are calculated based on the density matrix method. The Ag atom is taken as an example.

DOI
10.1088/0022-3700/17/17/016

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Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics•Feb 14, 1980•21 citations
The dynamic Stark effect is considered for the case when Stark splittings exceed the hyperfine intervals. The electromagnetic field is supposed to be monochromatic and the quasi-energy approach is applied. The HFS of the quasi-energy levels is shown to be dependent on the intensity of the resonance electromagnetic field and on the detuning. The resonance fluorescence and absorption spectra of a probe field are calculated based on the density matrix method. The Ag atom is taken as an example.
A fully quantum-mechanical treatment is presented of the interaction of a two-level atom with an intense applied field. The resonant Stark effect spectrum is calculated for a single decay process in the case of an arbitrarily detuned applied field, and for a sequence of many fluorescent decays in the case of a resonant applied field. The results of these calculations agree with recent experimental observations, and with previous theoretical calculations using different methods. In addition, a misinterpretation contained in a previous letter by the present authors (see ibid., vol.7, L.432 (1974)) is pointed out.
We discuss the occurrence of the dynamic Stark effect in resonant CARS spectroscopy for a homogeneously broadened medium. We use a four-level system interaction with three monochromatic fields of different frequencies. The equations of the density matrix are obtained in a rotating frame and solved numerically for the steady-state solutions. Analytical expressions are derived for five cases and show a splitting or a broadening of the CARS line. Stark shifts due to intense off-resonance fields are discussed.
In the intense radiation fields with power density from 104W/cm2 to 109W/cm2 the essential modification of electronic states of atoms occurs displaying, in particular, in modifications of resonant fluorescence (rf) spectra. We use 'Fermi golden rule' for calculations of relative intensities and frequencies for rf multiplet for real multilevel initially unexcited atoms in two monochromatic laser fields of arbitrary intensity resonant to adjacent transitions of (Xi) or (Lambda) types and magnetic field, giving the level splittings of different values from Zeeman to Paschen-Back effect. The dependence of quasienergies on parameters obtained with the help of a sorting program permits us to define the values of parameters for which the states of the system are mixed and so to receive the correct probability amplitudes for instantaneous or adiabatic regimes of switching the perturbation. The analysis of the quasienergies and form of rf spectra permits us to get relations between the form of the spectra and modifications of electronic structure of the atom due to radiation fields and external magnetic field.
For pt.I see ibid., vol.12, no.12, p.1939 (1979). The modulated fluorescence in an optical double resonance experiment, i.e. when an atom interacts with two intense monochromatic laser beams each of which is weakly modulated in amplitude at frequency Omega , is studied in detail. The modulation rate corresponding to the steady-state population of the highest atomic level exhibits resonant structures at the modulation frequencies Omega =0, +or- alpha 0 , +or-2 alpha 0 due to the dynamical Stark splitting of the various energy levels; alpha 0 being related to the Rabi frequencies alpha 1 and alpha 2 associated with the two lasers and the two atomic transitions, by alpha 0 2 = mod alpha 1 mod 2 + mod alpha 2 mod 2 . The peak at Omega =+or- alpha 0 is the most intense and exhibits splitting when the applied fields are detuned from exact resonance with the respective atomic frequencies. Resonances are observed in the modulation rate of the intermediate-level population at the modulation frequencies Omega =0, +or-2 alpha 0 . In the presence of detunings of the applied fields, additional resonant structures occur at Omega =+or- alpha 0 which increase in magnitude with higher detunings and split. Explicit expressions for the positions, widths and weights of these resonant components are obtained analytically for intense, resonant fields. Numerical results for general values of the laser field strengths and the detunings are given.