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Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

Semiclassical stochastic representation of the Feynman integral

Zbigniew Haba

Published Oct 7, 1994• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We show that for a wide class of analytic potentials the solution of the Schrodinger equation can be expressed by the Wiener integral. We express the Feynman kernel by the Brownian bridge. We prove an asymptotic semiclassical expansion of the solution of the Schrodinger equation as well as of the Feynman kernel. We show that for a small time the van Vleck formula holds true as the limit h(cross) to 0 of the Feynman kernel.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/27/19/018

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We show that for a wide class of analytic potentials the solution of the Schrodinger equation can be expressed by the Wiener integral. We express the Feynman kernel by the Brownian bridge. We prove an asymptotic semiclassical expansion of the solution of the Schrodinger equation as well as of the Feynman kernel. We show that for a small time the van Vleck formula holds true as the limit h(cross) to 0 of the Feynman kernel.
A class of functions ℋnF was chosen, which are boundary values of holomorphic functions. It was shown that if the potential V∈ℋnF and the initial wave function ψ∈ℋnF then the solution of the Schrödinger equation is ψt∈ℋnF. The unitary evolution ψ → ψt can be expressed by an integral with respect to the Wiener measure. To each ψt∈ℋnF is associated a complex Markov process qt fulfilling stochastic Hamilton equations. The time evolution of ψ as well as multitime correlation functions of arbitrary observables in quantum mechanics take the form of expectation values with respect to qt. Some statistical and ergodic aspects of quantum mechanics resulting from the stochastic interpretation of Feynman’s sum over trajectories are discussed.
Rather general expressions are derived which represent the semiclassical time-dependent propagator as an integral over initial conditions for classical trajectories. These allow one to propagate time-dependent wave functions without searching for special trajectories that satisfy two-time boundary conditions. In many circumstances, the integral expressions are free of singularities and provide globally valid uniform asymptotic approximations. In special cases, the expressions for the propagators are related to existing semiclassical wave function propagation techniques. More generally, the present expressions suggest a large class of other, potentially useful methods. The behavior of the integral expressions in certain limiting cases is analyzed to obtain simple formulas for the Maslov index that may be used to compute the Van Vleck propagator in a variety of representations.
For polynomially bounded potentials V such that H=H0+V is essentially self-adjoint on S(Rd)⊆D(H0)∩D(V), this essay offers two reconstructions of Feynman’s sum over histories as the unitary image of a genuine integral with respect to Wiener measure μ of a functional σtx(ω) defined on the space W of Brownian paths ω into momentum space Rd. The first representation, based on Feynman’s original argument, “lifts” σtx(ω) from a “convolutional Trotter product formula” for the Fourier-transformed image φ̂t(p) of the time-evolved wave function φt(x)=exp(−itH)φ(x) in L2(Rd). The second—which varies and extends a construction introduced in a slightly different context by Albeverio and Høegh-Krohn [Mathematical Theory of Feynman Integrals, Springer Lecture Notes in Mathematics Vol. 523 (Springer, New York, 1976)]—lifts the functional σtx(ω) from a “convolutional Dyson expansion” of the time-evolved momentum-space function φ̂t(p).
In the setting of Cameron and Storvick's recent theory we show that the solution of an integral equation formally equivalent to the Schroedinger equation is expressible as the analytic Feynman integral of a function on ^-dimensional Wiener space of the form F(X) = exp{/ o '0(ίs, X(s) + I) ds}ψ(X(t\+ ?).Here Xis an Revalued continuous function on [0, /] such that Z(0) = 0, ?G R\ and ψ and θ(s, ) are Fourier-Stieltjes transforms.REMARK 3.2.Corollary 3.2 and Lemma 3.2 will yield the measurability properties that we will need as we continue.For example, let θ be in % and for λ > 0 and fin W let G: [0, ί 0 ] X C[0, t 0 ] -> C be defined by The Pacific