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Journal of the Optical Society of Korea

Optical Implementation of Triple DES Algorithm Based on Dual XOR Logic Operations

Seok Hee Jeon, Sang Keun Gil

Published Oct 25, 2013• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a novel optical implementation of a 3DES algorithm based on dual XOR logic operations for a cryptographic system. In the schematic architecture, the optical 3DES system consists of dual XOR logic operations, where XOR logic operation is implemented by using a free-space interconnected optical logic gate method. The main point in the proposed 3DES method is to make a higher secure cryptosystem, which is acquired by encrypting an individual private key separately, and this encrypted private key is used to decrypt the plain text from the cipher text. Schematically, the proposed optical configuration of this cryptosystem can be used for the decryption process as well. The major advantage of this optical method is that vast 2-D data can be processed in parallel very quickly regardless of data size. The proposed scheme can be applied to watermark authentication and can also be applied to the OTP encryption if every different private key is created and used for encryption only once. When a security key has data of $512{\times}256$ pixels in size, our proposed method performs 2,048 DES blocks or 1,024 3DES blocks cipher in this paper. Besides, because the key length is equal to $512{\times}256$ bits, $2^{512{\times}256}$ attempts are required to find the correct key. Numerical simulations show the results to be carried out encryption and decryption successfully with the proposed 3DES algorithm.

DOI
10.3807/josk.2013.17.5.362

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In this paper, we propose a novel optical implementation of a 3DES algorithm based on dual XOR logic operations for a cryptographic system. In the schematic architecture, the optical 3DES system consists of dual XOR logic operations, where XOR logic operation is implemented by using a free-space interconnected optical logic gate method. The main point in the proposed 3DES method is to make a higher secure cryptosystem, which is acquired by encrypting an individual private key separately, and this encrypted private key is used to decrypt the plain text from the cipher text. Schematically, the proposed optical configuration of this cryptosystem can be used for the decryption process as well. The major advantage of this optical method is that vast 2-D data can be processed in parallel very quickly regardless of data size. The proposed scheme can be applied to watermark authentication and can also be applied to the OTP encryption if every different private key is created and used for encryption only once. When a security key has data of 512×256512{\times}256512×256 pixels in size, our proposed method performs 2,048 DES blocks or 1,024 3DES blocks cipher in this paper. Besides, because the key length is equal to 512×256512{\times}256512×256 bits, 2512×2562^{512{\times}256}2512×256 attempts are required to find the correct key. Numerical simulations show the results to be carried out encryption and decryption successfully with the proposed 3DES algorithm.
In this paper, an optical implementation of a novel asymmetrical cryptosystem combined with D-H secret key sharing and triple DES is proposed. The proposed optical cryptosystem is realized by performing free-space interconnected optical logic operations such as AND, OR and XOR which are implemented in Mach-Zehnder type interferometer architecture. The advantage of the proposed optical architecture provides dual outputs simultaneously, and the encryption optical setup can be used as decryption optical setup only by changing the inputs of SLMs. The proposed cryptosystem can provide higher security strength than the conventional electronic algorithm, because the proposed method uses 2-D array data, which can increase the key length surprisingly and uses 3DES algorithm, which protects against “meet in the middle” attacks. Another advantage of the proposed asymmetrical cryptosystem is that it is free to change the user’s two private random numbers in generating the public keys at any time. Numerical simulation and performance analysis verify that the proposed asymmetric cryptosystem is effective and robust against attacks for the asymmetrical cipher system.
In this paper, we propose a new optical secret key sharing method based on the Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol required in cipher system. The proposed method is optically implemented by using a free-space interconnected optical logic gate technique in order to process XOR logic operations in parallel. Also, we present a compact type of optical module which can perform the modified Diffie-Hellman key exchange for a cryptographic system. Schematically, the proposed optical configuration has an advantage of producing an open public key and a shared secret key simultaneously. Another advantage is that our proposed key exchange system uses a similarity to double key encryption techniques to enhance security strength. This can provide a higher security cryptosystem than the conventional Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol due to the complexity of the shared secret key. Results of numerical simulation are presented to verify the proposed method and show the effectiveness in the modified Diffie-Hellman key exchange system.
Abstract Exclusive-OR (XOR) operation is a popular technique in optical cryptography. The linear and inverse properties of XOR operation provide a simple way of encryption but in some cases fail to provide strong security. In XOR-based image encryption, each pixel is individually encrypted, therefore secret information can be traced with partial knowledge of the key. In this paper, we describe a simple and practical method to improve the strength and effectiveness of XOR-based encryption. A higher level of security is achieved by implementing a phase retrieval algorithm with XOR operation. Another advantage of the proposed scheme is that the optical XOR operation is demonstrated using incoherent light sources, which make the system compact, speckle free, and cost effective. Also, to overcome the problem of quality degradation while decrypting, quick response code-based ciphertext has been implemented. Both simulation and experimental results are demonstrated as a proof-of-concept.
This paper presents a study of magneto-optical waveguide logic gates for optical communication systems. Simple logic operations are implemented by modulating photon states in a material through applied magnetic fields. By controlling the magnetic field's amplitude and orientation relative to light propagation, selecting polarizer/analyzer alignment, and configuring waveguides, we designed logic gates including qubit-compatible models that overcome the low coherence times typical of optical qubits. Optical qubits are promising candidates for quantum information processing and data transmission. For cryptographic applications using Vernam encryption, we developed an XOR logic gate simulator based on magneto-optical principles. Experimental validation employed ASCII encoding and text encryption/decryption algorithms, demonstrating successful cryptographic processing of confidential data over fiber-optic lines. The results show that magneto-optical qubit control mechanisms enable modeling diverse waveguide-based logic gates, including a half adder performing parallel XOR and AND operations. These devices facilitate novel information processing and transmission architectures.
Quantum computing enabled cryptanalytic techniques are able to concretely reduce the security margin of existing cryptographic primitives. While this reduction is only polynomial for symmetric cryptosystems, it still provides a reduction in their security margin. In this work, we propose a detailed quantum circuit designed to cryptanalyze both the Data Encryption Standard (DES) cryptosystem, and its successor Triple-DES (3DES), currently standardized in ISO/IEC 18033–3, and still widely employed in satellite data and bank card encryption. To do so, we introduce the first quantum circuit implementation of the 8 substitution tables (a.k.a. S-boxes), applying a bitslicing strategy, which is currently the most efficient classical combinatorial circuit design in terms of number of two inputs Boolean gates. Secondly, we present the complete quantum circuits required to attack both DES and 3DES leveraging Grover's algorithm. We provide finite regime, closed form equations, delineating the circuits complexities in terms of the number of qubits, gates, depth and number of qubits multiplied by depth. The complexity analysis is based on two distinct gate sets: a NOT-CNOT-Toffoli (NCT) extended with the Hadamard gate; and the fault-tolerant Clifford+T. Finally, akin to the classical attack to the 3DES, we introduce a meet-in-the-middle strategy relying on an exponential amount of Quantum Random Access Memory. Our findings show that the 3DES with keying option 2, the most widely employed variant of 3DES, can be attacked with a circuit depth of approximately2672^{67}267and less than a thousand qubits. This is close to the2642^{64}264value suggested by NIST for the depth achievable sequentially by a single quantum computer in a decade. Our technique can be further sped up parallelizing the approach onto multiple devices, pointing to the practicality of cryptanalyzing 3DES in such a scenario.
Secure optical communication technologies are important means to solve the physical layer security for optical network. We present a scheme of secure optical communication system by all-optical signal processing technique. The scheme consists of three parts, as all-optical signal processing unit, optical key sequence generator, and synchronous control unit. In the paper, all-optical signal processing method is key technology using all-optical exclusive disjunction (XOR) gate based on optical cross-gain modulation effect, has advantages of wide dynamic range of input optical signal, simple structure and so on. All-optical XOR gate composed of two semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA) is a symmetrical structure. By controlling injection current, input signal power, delay and filter bandwidth, the extinction ratio of XOR can be greater than 8dB. Finally, some performance parameters are calculated and the results are analyzed. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method can be achieved over 10Gbps optical signal encryption and decryption, which is simple, easy to implement, and error-free diffusion.