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Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Phase diagram for the Ashkin-Teller model in three dimensions

R.V. Ditzian, Jayanth R. Banavar, Gary S. Grest, Leo P. Kadanoff

Published Sep 1, 1980• 157 citations
Publisher

Abstract

High- and low-temperature series, Monte Carlo simulations, mean-field calculations, and renormalization-group ideas are used to analyze the behavior of the Ashkin-Teller model in three dimensions. The data generated by series and Monte Carlo methods in the neighborhood of the decoupling point are consistent with the renormalization-group conclusion that this system cannot show a line of continuously varying exponents. Thus the phase diagram for the $d=3$ system is quite different from that in $d=2$. Indeed a new phase (not seen in $d=2$) is observed, one in which the system spontaneously breaks its natural symmetry between its two kinds of Ising spins. A variety of continuous transitions are observed and explained in terms of an analysis which is fully consonant with renormalization-group concepts.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.22.2542

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METHODS OF COMPUTER SIMULATIONS OF PHASE TRANSITIONS IN THE ASHKIN-TELLER MODEL

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The complementary Monte Carlo and series expansions methods of computer simulations have been described to investigate the critical behaviour of the Ashkin-Teller model in three dimensions.In the first method the invariance of the ratio of the square of the second moment of the order parameter to its fourth moment in the critical region has been exploited and some critical points on the phase boundaries have been calculated in the regions where the continuous transitions are expected.The continuity of the order parameter on the critical lines is verified by a finite size scaling analysis.Large-scale simulations have been performed on SGI Power Challenge XL and L supercomputers using the 64-bit random number generator.The numerically generated series expansions method is described for which the effective algorithm for generation of graphs starting from polygons and based on collapsing the unlinked vertices, is introduced.The new feature of our algorithm is that for each graph we introduce new links between unlinked vertices and we decorate bonds with new vertices, so that more complex graphs in an early stage of the graph generation procedure are obtained.The resulting set of graphs enables the application of the series expansions method and achievement of the precision of allocation of points on the phase diagram comparable to the precision of the Monte Carlo method, i.e. at least 3 decimal digits.

Computational Methods in Science and Technology•Jan 1, 2001•0 citations
High- and low-temperature series, Monte Carlo simulations, mean-field calculations, and renormalization-group ideas are used to analyze the behavior of the Ashkin-Teller model in three dimensions. The data generated by series and Monte Carlo methods in the neighborhood of the decoupling point are consistent with the renormalization-group conclusion that this system cannot show a line of continuously varying exponents. Thus the phase diagram for the d=3d=3d=3 system is quite different from that in d=2d=2d=2. Indeed a new phase (not seen in d=2d=2d=2) is observed, one in which the system spontaneously breaks its natural symmetry between its two kinds of Ising spins. A variety of continuous transitions are observed and explained in terms of an analysis which is fully consonant with renormalization-group concepts.
Monte Carlo simulations and renormalization-group ideas are used to analyze the behavior of the antiferromagnetic Potts model and the Ashkin-Teller model in three dimensions. A variety of continuous transitions, observed in the Monte Carlo data on the antiferromagnetic Potts model for simple cubic and body-centered-cubic lattices, are found to be consistent with $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$-expansion analyses of these models. A glassy "plastic crystal" phase is observed, along with the analog of the glass transition in the four-state antiferromagnetic Potts model. An $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$-expansion analysis of the Ashkin-Teller model is found to yield results consistent with those obtained by Ditzian et al. using series analysis and Monte Carlo simulations.
We study a model Hamiltonian consisting of NNN Ising models coupled pairwise through a four-spin interaction K4{K}_{4}K4​. When N=2N=2N=2 this model is the well-known Ashkin-Teller model which shows nonuniversal critical behavior in two dimensions in the neighborhood of K4=0{K}_{4}=0K4​=0. To see if this behavior persists for $N\ensuremath{\ne}2$ we perform a first-order-perturbation expansion around the decoupling point in two dimensions. As an aid in interpreting the results of this perturbation expansion we have determined the phase diagram of the system through mean-field theory and Monte Carlo studies in both two and three dimensions for N=3N=3N=3. The results show that N=2N=2N=2 is special because the coupling between Ising models is marginal over a range of values of K4{K}_{4}K4​. We discuss the effect of the coupling K4{K}_{4}K4​ for $N\ensuremath{\ne}2$.
Monte Carlo simulations in the three-dimensional (3D) Ashkin-Teller model on a cubic lattice are performed in the regions of the two-parameter space diagram where Ising-type phase transitions are expected. The scaling behavior of the Binder cumulant Q and the magnetic susceptibility in the critical region are exploited. In simulations the periodic boundary conditions and the Metropolis algorithm are used. Starting from Ising critical exponents and applying the finite-size-scaling analysis of the cumulant Q with nonlinear corrections, the accurate positions of the critical couplings on the continuous phase transition lines are calculated. For these couplings the critical exponent y(h) is calculated analyzing the magnetic susceptibility in the framework of the finite-size scaling with corrections. The values of y(h) agree with the 3D Ising model value along two lines determined by the order parameter [ssigma] .
Our Monte Carlo (MC) method has been extended to determine the type of ordering, the character of phase transitions, and positions of the tricritical points in the three-dimensional Ashkin-Teller spin-lattice model on a cubic lattice, which is an example of a system with multicomponent order parameter. The precise and detailed analyses of the system's behavior at the ends of the lines of Ising-like phase transitions are performed and the corrected phase diagram in these regions is presented and discussed. The localizations of the tricritical points are also given. The specific behavior of the Binder cumulant when crossing a bifurcation point has been discovered and interpreted. Some general conclusions on methods of investigation of the critical behavior of a system with a multicomponent order parameter are closing the paper.
Abstract Large‐scale Monte Carlo simulations, based on the invariance of the Binder cumulant Q, for continuous phase transitions in the three‐dimensional Ashkin–Teller spin‐lattice model on a cubic lattice, have been performed. Using the universality hypotesis and the finite‐size‐scaling analysis, the Ising character of phase transitions from the antiferro‐ to paramagnetic phase, where the cumulant Q behavior is different than in the Ising model, is demonstrated. Some preliminary results demonstrating the existance of the tricritical points are also presented.
The complementary Monte Carlo and series expansions methods of computer simulations have been described to investigate the critical behaviour of the Ashkin-Teller model in three dimensions.In the first method the invariance of the ratio of the square of the second moment of the order parameter to its fourth moment in the critical region has been exploited and some critical points on the phase boundaries have been calculated in the regions where the continuous transitions are expected.The continuity of the order parameter on the critical lines is verified by a finite size scaling analysis.Large-scale simulations have been performed on SGI Power Challenge XL and L supercomputers using the 64-bit random number generator.The numerically generated series expansions method is described for which the effective algorithm for generation of graphs starting from polygons and based on collapsing the unlinked vertices, is introduced.The new feature of our algorithm is that for each graph we introduce new links between unlinked vertices and we decorate bonds with new vertices, so that more complex graphs in an early stage of the graph generation procedure are obtained.The resulting set of graphs enables the application of the series expansions method and achievement of the precision of allocation of points on the phase diagram comparable to the precision of the Monte Carlo method, i.e. at least 3 decimal digits.