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Physics Letters A

Nonexponential decay of an atomic excited state in the presence of a Bose-Einstein condensate

I. E. Mazets, L.B. Shifrin

Published May 1, 1997• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/s0375-9601(97)00177-1

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We have studied the decay of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of metastable helium atoms in an optical dipole trap. In the regime where two- and three-body losses can be neglected we show that the Bose-Einstein condensate and the thermal cloud show fundamentally different decay characteristics. The total number of atoms decays exponentially with time constant $\ensuremath{\tau}$; however, the thermal cloud decays exponentially with time constant $\frac{4}{3}\ensuremath{\tau}$ and the condensate decays much faster, and nonexponentially. We show that this behavior, which should be present for all BECs in thermal equilibrium with a considerable thermal fraction, is due to a transfer of atoms from the condensate to the thermal cloud during its decay.
We study the decay dynamics of an interacting Bose-Einstein condensate in the presence of a metastable trap- ping potential from which the condensate can escape via tunnel- ing through finite barriers. The time-dependent decay process is reproduced by means of the instantaneous decay rates of the condensate at a given population of the quasi-bound state, which are calculated with the method of complex scaling. Both for the case of a double-barrier potential as well as for the case of a tilted periodic potential, we find pronounced deviations from a monoexponential decay behavior, which would generally be expected in the absence of the atom-atom interaction.