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Journal of Applied Physics

Freezing of the extended state in the random local field theory of Ising spin glasses with long range interactions

Boris E. Vugmeister, Dan W. Nowakowski, David L. Huber

Published Apr 15, 1996• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The onset of spin glass freezing in dilute Ising systems with long range interactions is investigated within the framework of a random local field approach (previously developed for disordered ferromagnets and ferroelectrics) with the use of numerical simulations. The problem reduces to the diagonalization of an N×N random matrix, N being the number of spins in the simulation, whose elements depend on the spin–spin interaction and temperature. We identify the onset of spin glass freezing with the temperature at which this boundary eigenvalue separating localized and extended states is equal to one. Numerical simulations give a reasonable value of the freezing temperature for dilute RKKY spin glasses and reproduce its linear concentration dependence in agreement with the scaling relation.

DOI
10.1063/1.362051

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The onset of spin glass freezing in dilute Ising systems with long range interactions is investigated within the framework of a random local field approach (previously developed for disordered ferromagnets and ferroelectrics) with the use of numerical simulations. The problem reduces to the diagonalization of an N×N random matrix, N being the number of spins in the simulation, whose elements depend on the spin–spin interaction and temperature. We identify the onset of spin glass freezing with the temperature at which this boundary eigenvalue separating localized and extended states is equal to one. Numerical simulations give a reasonable value of the freezing temperature for dilute RKKY spin glasses and reproduce its linear concentration dependence in agreement with the scaling relation.
We consider a system of linear chains of Ising spins with short-range nearest-neighbor ferromagnetic interactions of strength K along the chains, and with infinite-range random interchain interactions of a Sherrington-Kirkpatrick type. Also included in the model is a local Gaussian random field with variance \ensuremath{\Delta}. In the replica symmetric case, the system is mapped exactly on the one-dimensional Ising model in a random field and a recursion method for calculating the spin-correlation functions is developed. For \ensuremath{\Delta}=0, an analytic relation for freezing temperature Tf{\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{f}}Tf​(K) is obtained. The replica-symmetric spin-glass phase is shown to be stable above the freezing temperature Tf{\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{f}}Tf​(K,\ensuremath{\Delta}), which is determined numerically.
Inverse freezing is analyzed in a cluster spin-glass (SG) model that considers infinite-range disordered interactions between magnetic moments of different clusters (intercluster interaction) and short-range antiferromagnetic coupling J(1) between Ising spins of the same cluster (intracluster interaction). The intercluster disorder J is treated within a mean-field theory by using a framework of one-step replica symmetry breaking. The effective model obtained by this treatment is computed by means of an exact diagonalization method. With the results we build phase diagrams of temperature T/J versus J(1)/J for several sizes of clusters n(s) (number of spins in the cluster). The phase diagrams show a second-order transition from the paramagnetic phase to the SG order at the freezing temperature T(f) when J(1)/J is small. The increase in J(1)/J can then destroy the SG phase. It decreases T(f)/J and introduces a first-order transition. In addition, inverse freezing can arise at a certain range of J(1)/J and large enough n(s). Therefore, the nontrivial frustration generated by disorder and short-range antiferromagnetic coupling can introduce inverse freezing spontaneously.
The d=1 Ising ferromagnet and spin glass with long-range power-law interactions J r^-a is studied for all interaction range exponents a by a renormalization-group transformation that simultaneously projects local ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism. In the ferromagnetic case, J>0, a finite-temperature ferromagnetic phase occurs for interaction range 0.742, the phase transition temperature discontinuously drops to zero and for a>2 there is no ordered phase above zero temperature, also as predicted by rigorous results. At the other end, on approaching a=0.74 from above, namely increasing the range of the interaction, the phase transition temperature diverges to infinity, meaning that, at all non-infinite temperatures, the system is ferromagnetically ordered. Thus, the equivalent-neighbor interactions regime is entered before (a > 0) the neighbors become equivalent, namely before the interactions become equal for all separations. The critical exponents alpha,beta, gamma,delta,eta,nu are calculated, from a large recursion matrix, varying as function of a. For antiferromagnetic J<0, all triplets of spins at all ranges have competing interactions and this highly frustrated system does not have an ordered phase. In the spin-glass system, where all couplings for all separations are randomly ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic (with probability p), a finite-temperatures spin-glass phase is obtained in the absence of antiferromagnetic phase. In the spin-glass phase, the signature chaotic behavior under scale change occurs in a richer version than previously: In the long-range interaction of this system, the interactions at every separation become chaotic, yielding a piecewise chaotic interaction function.
A class of infinite-ranged random model Hamiltonians is defined as a limiting case in which the appropriate form of mean-field theory, order parameters and phase diagram to describe spin-glasses may be established. It is believed that these Hamiltonians may be exactly soluble, although a complete solution is not yet available. Thermodynamic properties of the model for Ising and XY\mathrm{XY}XY spins are evaluated using a many-replica procedure. Results of the replica theory reproduce properties at and above the ordering temperature which are also predicted by high-temperature expansions, but are in error at low temperatures. Extensive computer simulations of infinite-ranged Ising spin-glasses are presented. They confirm the general details of the predicted phase diagram. The errors in the replica solution are found to be small, and confined to low temperatures. For this model, the extended mean-field theory of Thouless, Anderson, and Palmer gives physically sensible low-temperature predictions. These are in quantitative agreement with the Monte Carlo statics. The dynamics of the infinite-ranged Ising spin-glass are studied in a linearized mean-field theory. Critical slowing down is predicted and found, with correlations decaying as ${e}^{{\ensuremath{-}[\frac{(T\ensuremath{-}{T}_{c})}{T}]}^{2}t}$ for TTT greater than Tc{T}_{c}Tc​, the spin-glass transition temperature. At and below Tc{T}_{c}Tc​, spin-spin correlations are observed to decay to their long-time limit as ${t}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}}$.
A class of infinite-ranged random model Hamiltonians is defined as a limiting case in which the appropriate form of mean-field theory, order parameters and phase diagram to describe spin-glasses may be established. It is believed that these Hamiltonians may be exactly soluble, although a complete solution is not yet available. Thermodynamic properties of the model for Ising and XY\mathrm{XY}XY spins are evaluated using a "many-replica" procedure. Results of the replica theory reproduce properties at and above the ordering temperature which are also predicted by high-temperature expansions, but are in error at low temperatures. Extensive computer simulations of infinite-ranged Ising spin-glasses are presented. They confirm the general details of the predicted phase diagram. The errors in the replica solution are found to be small, and confined to low temperatures. For this model, the extended mean-field theory of Thouless, Anderson, and Palmer gives physically sensible low-temperature predictions. These are in quantitative agreement with the Monte Carlo statics. The dynamics of the infinite-ranged Ising spin-glass are studied in a linearized mean-field theory. Critical slowing down is predicted and found, with correlations decaying as ${e}^{{\ensuremath{-}[\frac{(T\ensuremath{-}{T}_{c})}{T}]}^{2}t}$ for TTT greater than Tc{T}_{c}Tc​, the spin-glass transition temperature. At and below Tc{T}_{c}Tc​, spin-spin correlations are observed to decay to their long-time limit as ${t}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}}$.