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Journal of Russian Laser Research

Two coupled oscillators in the form of a frequency converter in interaction with a single atom via two-photon processes

M. Sebawe Abdalla, Eied Mahmoud Khalil

Published Jul 1, 2012• 10 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s10946-012-9288-5

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•Jan 5, 2016•1 citation
We theoretically study nonlinear optical frequency conversion with time-frequency entangled paired photons whose sum frequency is on two-photon resonance of an atomic ensemble. Assisted by a strong coupling laser, two paired photons with wide spectrum are converted into a single monochromatic photon. The on-resonance nonlinear process is made possible due to the electromagnetically induced transparency that not only eliminates the on-resonance absorption but also enhances the nonlinear interaction between the single photons and atoms. Compared to this quantum-nonlinear conversion, the classical corresponding single-photon counts from accidental two-photon coincidence has a wide spectrum and experiences large absorption. As a result, the system can be used as an efficient two-photon quantum correlator in which the classical accidental coincidences can be suppressed. We perform numerical simulations basing on a Rb atomic vapor cell with realistic operating parameters.
Rb atoms. The nonlinear processes are induced using three hyperfine levels in the D1 manifold, which cyclically interact with pump optical fields and an idler microwave field. The simultaneous appearance of TWM and SWM signals in discrete frequency channels is made possible by breaking the three-photon resonance condition. This gives rise to coherent population oscillations (CPO), which are observed experimentally. We explain through our theoretical model the role of CPO in the generation of the SWM signal and its enhancement due to parametric coupling with the input seed field in contrast to the TWM signal. Our experiment proves that a single tone microwave can be converted to multiple optical frequency channels. The simultaneous existence of TWM and SWM processes can potentially enable various types of amplification to be achieved with a single neutral atom transducer platform.
We consider two separate atoms interacting with a single-mode optical resonator. When the frequency of the resonator field is twice the atomic transition frequency, we show that there exists a resonant coupling between one photon and two atoms, via intermediate virtual states connected by counter-rotating processes. If the resonator is prepared in its one-photon state, the photon can be jointly absorbed by the two atoms in their ground state which will both reach their excited state with probability close to one. Like ordinary quantum Rabi oscillations, this process is coherent and reversible, so that two atoms in their excited state will undergo a downward transition jointly emitting a single cavity photon. This joint absorption and emission processes can also occur with three atoms. The parameters used to investigate this process correspond to experimentally demonstrated values in circuit quantum electrodynamics systems.