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Optics Express

Experimental determination of intracavity losses of monolithic Fabry-Perot cavities made of Pr^3+:Y_2SiO_5

Hayato Goto, Satoshi X Nakamura, Kouichi Ichimura

Published Oct 27, 2010• 17 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose an experimental method with which all the following quantities can be determined separately: the intracavity loss and individual cavity-mirror transmittances of a monolithic Fabry-Perot cavity and furthermore the coupling efficiency between the cavity mode and the incident light. It is notable that the modified version of this method can also be applied to whispering-gallery-mode cavities. Using this method, we measured the intracavity losses of monolithic Fabry-Perot cavities made of Pr3+:Y2SiO5 at room temperature. The knowledge of the intracavity losses is very important for applications of such cavities, e.g., to quantum information technologies. It turns out that fairly high losses (about 0.1%) exist even for a sample with extremely low dopant concentration (2×10(-5) at. %). The experimental results also indicate that the loss may be mainly due to the bulk loss of Y2SiO5 crystal. The bulk loss is estimated to be 7×10(-4) cm(-1) (0.003 dB/cm) or lower.

DOI
10.1364/oe.18.023763

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We propose an experimental method with which all the following quantities can be determined separately: the intracavity loss and individual cavity-mirror transmittances of a monolithic Fabry-Perot cavity and furthermore the coupling efficiency between the cavity mode and the incident light. It is notable that the modified version of this method can also be applied to whispering-gallery-mode cavities. Using this method, we measured the intracavity losses of monolithic Fabry-Perot cavities made of Pr3+:Y2SiO5 at room temperature. The knowledge of the intracavity losses is very important for applications of such cavities, e.g., to quantum information technologies. It turns out that fairly high losses (about 0.1%) exist even for a sample with extremely low dopant concentration (2×10(-5) at. %). The experimental results also indicate that the loss may be mainly due to the bulk loss of Y2SiO5 crystal. The bulk loss is estimated to be 7×10(-4) cm(-1) (0.003 dB/cm) or lower.
We propose and demonstrate a method for characterizing the individual mirror parameters of a fiber Fabry-Perot cavity (FFPC). By measuring the reflection and transmission spectra of the FFPC with an incident laser propagating from the two mirrors of the FFPC and considering several normal or unique losses, the transmittance, reflectance, and intra-cavity loss of the individual mirrors can be determined. Due to the intrinsic limitation of cavity length, traditional powerful methods, such as the cavity ring-down technique, are not applicable to FFPCs for characterizing the parameters of individual mirrors. This scheme provides a dependable method for assessing FFPC mirrors and provides a significant capability for the implementation of strong-coupling cavity quantum electrodynamics based on FFPCs.
We perform an investigation into the properties of Pr3+:Y2SiO5 whispering gallery mode resonators as a first step towards achieving the strong coupling regime of cavity QED with rare-earth-ion doped crystals. Direct measurement of cavity QED parameters are made using photon echoes, giving good agreement with theoretical predictions. By comparing the ions at the surface of the resonator to those in the center it is determined that the physical process of making the resonator does not negatively affect the properties of the ions. Coupling between the ions and resonator is analyzed through the observation of optical bistability and normal-mode splitting.
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We study the polarization of the electric field in Fabry-Perot resonators which contain at least two optically birefringent elements. One of them is a frequency-doubling crystal, the other being either a passive and/or an active crystal. Using the Jones matrix technique, we review the polarization properties of the linear Fabry-Perot cavity and extend these results to V-shaped cavities. For these configurations, we derive the rate of conversion of the fundamental frequencies into the second harmonic and the sum frequencies. These conversion rates are interpreted as intensity-dependent losses for the rate equations of the fundamental modes which are derived.
Abstract The fabrication of a yttrium orthosilicate (YSO) whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonator is described, displaying quality (Q)-factors as high as 1.1 × 109. An overview of the experimental setup is presented including the procedure for spatial and spectral characterisation of the WGMs. We consider the optical losses present in such a resonator and what steps were taken in order to minimise these losses. The surface scattering in such a resonator is considered and we show that in the wavelength range of 1.5 μm, the Q-factor is not limited by scattering losses for the case in which surface inhomogeneities are weakly correlated. The high Q-factors we demonstrate have implications for rare earth ion dopant based quantum technologies because YSO is an important host material for these applications.