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International Conference on Future Generation Communication and Networking

Quantum Oblivious Transfer Using Tripartite Entangled States

Wei Yang, Liusheng Huang, Yifei Yao, Zhili Chen

Published Jan 1, 2007• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Oblivious transfer is an interesting cryptographic task in which one party Alice aims to transfer one of her two bits to the other party Bob, with the assurance that he can choose freely his bit, but is not able to obtain the two bits simultaneously. Bob on the other hand wants to be sure that Alice should not be capable of inferring what bit he has chosen. Quantum oblivious transfer (QOT) scheme outperforms its classical counterpart for its higher security and eavesdropping detecting ability. In this paper, we present a new and novel QOT protocol based on tripartite entangled states, which can be proven to be secure against any quantum attacking strategy allowed by physical laws.

DOI
10.1109/fgcn.2007.189

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Oblivious transfer is an interesting cryptographic task in which one party Alice aims to transfer one of her two bits to the other party Bob, with the assurance that he can choose freely his bit, but is not able to obtain the two bits simultaneously. Bob on the other hand wants to be sure that Alice should not be capable of inferring what bit he has chosen. Quantum oblivious transfer (QOT) scheme outperforms its classical counterpart for its higher security and eavesdropping detecting ability. In this paper, we present a new and novel QOT protocol based on tripartite entangled states, which can be proven to be secure against any quantum attacking strategy allowed by physical laws.
In cryptography, oblivious transfer (OT) is an important multi-party cryptographic primitive and protocol, that is suitable for many upper-layer applications, such as secure computation, remote coin-flipping, electrical contract signing and exchanging secrets simultaneously. However, some no-go theorems have been established, indicating that one-out-of-two quantum oblivious transfer (QOT) protocols with unconditional security are impossible. Fortunately, some one-out-of-two QOT protocols using the concept of Crépeau’s reduction have been demonstrated not to conform to Lo’s no-go theorem, but these protocols require more quantum resources to generate classical keys using all-or-nothing QOT to construct one-out-of-two QOT. This paper proposes a novel and efficient one-out-of-two QOT which uses quantum resources directly instead of wasting unnecessary resources to generate classical keys. The proposed protocol is not covered by Lo’s no-go theorem, and it is able to check the sender’s loyalty and avoid the attack from the receiver. Moreover, the entangled state of the proposed protocol is reusable, so it can provide more services for the participants when necessary. Compared with other QOT protocols, the proposed protocol is more secure, efficient, and flexible, which not only can prevent external and internal attacks, but also reduce the required resources and resource distribution time.
We propose a quantum protocol for 1-out-of-2, 1-out-of-n and k-out-of-n oblivious transfer. Oblivious transfer is a counter-intuitive cryptographic primitive in which the receiver receives only the information he is authorized for, while the sender does not know what information receiver received. In 1-out-of-2 oblivious transfer, Alice sends two bits to Bob who can choose only one of them to read, while Alice does not know which bit Bob read. k-out-of-n oblivious transfer is an extension of this idea. The proposed protocols do not require any classical communication, are practical, secure and can be implemented using current technology.
Oblivious transfer (OT) is an important tool in cryptography. It serves as a subroutine to other complex procedures of both theoretical and practical significance. A common attribute of OT protocols is that one party (Alice) has to send a message to another party (Bob) and has to stay oblivious to whether Bob did receive the message. Specific (OT) protocols vary by exact definition of the task---in the all-or-nothing protocol, Alice sends a single bit-string message, which Bob is able to read with only 5050%50 probability, whereas in a 1-out-of-2 OT protocol Bob reads one out of two messages sent by Alice. These two flavors of protocol are known to be equivalent. Recently, a computationally secure all-or-nothing OT protocol based on quantum states was developed by A. Souto et al. [Phys. Rev. A 91, 042306 (2015)], which, however, cannot be reduced to a 1-out-of-2 OT protocol by standard means. Here we present an elaborate reduction of this protocol that retains the security of the original.
Abstract- Oblivious transfer (OT) is an important primitive in cryptography. In chosen one-out-of-two OT, Alice offers two bits, one of which Bob can choose to read, not learning any information about the other bit. Alice on the other hand does not obtain any information about Bob’s choice. We present a new technique for the same task in quantum environment, based on POVM measurements. It is shown that our method has two important advantages over the previous approaches. First, it is unconditionally secure without invoking a commitment scheme, and second, it is more efficient in terms of communication complexity. Key words: Oblivious transfer, POVM measurements, Unconditional security
Oblivious transfer between two untrusting parties is an important primitive in cryptography. There are different variants of oblivious transfer. In Rabin oblivious transfer, the sender Alice holds a bit, and the receiver Bob either obtains the bit, or obtains no information with probability p ? . Alice should not know whether or not Bob obtained the bit. We examine a quantum Rabin oblivious transfer (OT) protocol that uses two pure states. Investigating different cheating scenarios for the sender and for the receiver, we determine optimal cheating probabilities in each case. Comparing the quantum Rabin oblivious transfer protocol to classical Rabin oblivious transfer protocols, we show that the quantum protocol outperforms classical protocols, which do not use a third party, for some values of p ? . We find that quantum Rabin OT protocols that use mixed states can outperform quantum Rabin OT protocols that use pure states for some values of p ? . Published by the American Physical Society 2024