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Quantum Electronics

Formation of amplitude gratings in the medium of a CO laser subject to the field of its own multifrequency radiation

А. В. Бердышев, A K Kurnosov, Anatoly P. Napartovich

Published Jan 31, 1994• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

It is shown that, under conditions typical of the active medium of a continuous-flow CO laser, large-scale gain gratings play the main role in a phase-conjugation system based on degenerate four-wave mixing. The multifrequency nature of the emission spectrum of a CO laser increases the depth of modulation of the amplitude gratings as a result of two principal mechanisms: the dependence of the rate of relaxation of the function describing the distribution of molecules between vibrational levels on the number of such levels, when this function is disturbed; and the mutual influence of the emission and amplification processes involving adjacent vibrational transitions.

DOI
10.1070/qe1994v024n01abeh000026

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CRC Press eBooks•Mar 14, 2002•0 citations
It is shown that, under conditions typical of the active medium of a continuous-flow CO laser, large-scale gain gratings play the main role in a phase-conjugation system based on degenerate four-wave mixing. The multifrequency nature of the emission spectrum of a CO laser increases the depth of modulation of the amplitude gratings as a result of two principal mechanisms: the dependence of the rate of relaxation of the function describing the distribution of molecules between vibrational levels on the number of such levels, when this function is disturbed; and the mutual influence of the emission and amplification processes involving adjacent vibrational transitions.
Degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) and phase conjugation (PC) of pulsed carbon-dioxide laser radiation on transient gratings inside its own laser medium have been studied both experimentally and theoretically. The operational mode of the e-beam controlled discharge carbon-dioxide laser has been chosen in such a way (CO2:N2:He equals 1:2:4, p equals 0.28 atm, tin equals 30 microseconds) that the laser pulse length (tauout approximately 10 - 20 microseconds) is comparable with an effective relaxation time of the upper laser level (taurel approximately 15 - 30 microseconds). The time-history of the carbon-dioxide laser and pc signal pulses, and pc reflectivity have been thoroughly investigated for different cavity Q factors and specific electrical energy inputs. It has been shown, that the formation of the PC signal under the intracavity DFWM on gain (amplitude) and thermal (phase) gratings is characterized by a complicated time history that reflects the main relaxation processes taking place inside the inverted medium. A feature of the transient pc process inside the laser active medium is the dependence of the effective relaxation time of the upper laser level on the intensity of pumping waves. Pc reflectivity has been obtained by numerical calculations. A comparison of the theoretical and experimental data confirms the contribution of two different mechanisms of grating formation under DFWM inside the active medium of the carbon-dioxide laser.
The temporal dynamics and efficiency of phase-conjugate reflection in the course of intracavity degenerate four-wave mixing of radiation from a pulsed frequency-selective electron-beam-sustained CO laser was investigated experimentally and theoretically. The energy efficiency of the phase-conjugate reflection in the experiments reached 1.5 — 2.5% for a CO laser emitting as a result of one vibrorotational transition, diminishing on expansion of the emission spectrum of the laser. Comparison of the experimental and calculated data indicates the dominant role of the resonance amplitude phase-conjugation mechanism in the active medium of a CO laser.
Degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) and phase conjugation (PC) of pulsed carbon-dioxide laser radiation on transient gratings inside its own laser medium have been studied both experimentally and theoretically. The operational mode of the e-beam controlled discharge carbon-dioxide laser has been chosen in such a way (CO2:N2:He equals 1:2:4, p equals 0.28 atm, tin equals 30 microseconds) that the laser pulse length ((tau) out approximately equals 10 - 20 microseconds) is comparable with an effective relaxation time of the upper laser level ((tau) rel approximately 15 - 30 microseconds). The time-history of the carbon-dioxide laser and PC signal pulses, and PC reflectivity have been thoroughly investigated for different cavity Q factors and specific electrical energy inputs. It has been shown, that the formation of the PC signal under the intracavity DFWM on gain (amplitude) and thermal (phase) gratings is characterized by a complicated time history that reflects the main relaxation processes taking place inside the inverted medium. A feature of the transient PC process inside the laser active medium is the dependence of the effective relaxation time of the upper laser level on the intensity of pumping waves. PC reflectivity has been obtained by numerical calculations. A comparison of the theoretical and experimental data confirms the contribution of two different mechanisms of grating formation under DFWM inside the active medium of the carbon-dioxide laser.
Nonlinear optics normally involves the change in the susceptibility of a material due to the presence of optical radiation. In many cases, the light-matter interaction produces a change in the refractive index of the medium, as occurs in photorefractive media, as well as in Kerr-like media, Brillouin-active media and absorbing media with thermallyinduced refractive index changes. Such nonlinear refractive index variation corresponds to a change in the real part of the optical susceptibility %. In resonant materials, the optical radiation induces stimulated emission (or absorption) causing transfer of population between different energy states of the medium. This can lead to saturation of the amplification (or absorption) corresponding to changes in the imaginary part of the susceptibility x= i2odk where the amplitude gain coefficient a(I) is a saturable function of the intensity /, and k is the magnitude of the wavevector of the optical radiation. The interference of two (or more) coherent beams I(x) in the laser amplifier can cause a modulation of the population inversion N(x). This modulation of the inversion is commonly known as spatial hole burning in lasers and leads to formation of a gain-grating a(x) = 1/2GN(X) where G is the stimulated emission cross-section. The gain grating can act as a very efficient diffractive optical element exhibiting high diffraction efficiency that may be even greater than unity [16] and also very high phase conjugate reflectivity using four-wave mixing (FWM) geometries [5-7].