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Laser Physics

Storage of quantum optical information based on the intracavity polaritons under the Bose-Einstein condensation condition

A. P. Alodjants, Sergei M Arakelyan, A. Yu. Leksin

Published Dec 1, 2007• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The propagation of optical wave packets in the atomic medium that is placed inside the cavity is considered under the conditions for the strong coupling of atoms and the quantized field. Primary attention is paid to the mechanisms for the formation of coherent polaritons determined by the bound state of the optical field and atomic medium at the lower branch of the dispersion curves of these states. Significant variations (slowing) in the group velocity of the optical wave packets under quasi-condensation (or true condensation) conditions of polaritons are analyzed. An algorithm for the spatially distributed quantum recording, storage, and readout of the information related to the wave packet propagation is proposed.

DOI
10.1134/s1054660x07120146

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The propagation of optical wave packets in the atomic medium that is placed inside the cavity is considered under the conditions for the strong coupling of atoms and the quantized field. Primary attention is paid to the mechanisms for the formation of coherent polaritons determined by the bound state of the optical field and atomic medium at the lower branch of the dispersion curves of these states. Significant variations (slowing) in the group velocity of the optical wave packets under quasi-condensation (or true condensation) conditions of polaritons are analyzed. An algorithm for the spatially distributed quantum recording, storage, and readout of the information related to the wave packet propagation is proposed.
A new developed for storing quantum information on atomic polaritons being at thermal equilibrium is developed for the first time. We propose a new type of spatially periodic structure - polaritonic crystal (PolC) formed by trapped two-level atoms interacting with quantum electromagnetic field in one-dimensional array of tunnelcoupled microcavities, which allows polaritons to be fully localized. The quantum degeneracy and phase transition to superfluid (Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer-type) state for low branch polaritons is discussed. The principal result is that the group velocity of polaritons depends essentially on the order parameter of the system, i.e. on the average photon number in the cavity array. An algorithm for the spatially distributed writing, storing, and retrieving of quantum optical information using polariton wave packet propagated in the cavity array is examined. To take into account decoherence processes in polaritonic system the quantum Brownian particle model is discussed as well.
We suggest the model of lattice low branch (LB) polaritons based on the array of weakly coupled microsize cavities, each containing a small but macroscopic number of two-level systems (qubits). We reveal various dynamical regimes, such as diffusive, self-trapped, breathing and solitonic for polariton wave packet propagation under tight-binding approximation. We focus our attention on the bright polariton soliton formation in a high quality cavity array emerging due to two-body polariton-polariton scattering processes that take place at each cavity under the qubit-light interaction. A physical algorithm for the spatially distributed storage of optical information where various dynamical LB polariton soliton states are used is proposed. This algorithm can be realized with the help of manipulating group velocity of a polariton soliton in the cavity array and obtained by smooth variation of qubit-light detuning.
The coherent optical information storage capacity of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate is examined. The theory of slow light propagation in atomic clouds is generalized to the short-pulse regime by taking into account group velocity dispersion. It is shown that the number of stored pulses in the condensate can be optimized for a particular coupling laser power, temperature, and interatomic interaction strength. Analytical results are derived for a semi-ideal model of the condensate using the effective uniform density zone approximation. Detailed numerical simulations are also performed. It is found that the axial density profile of the condensate protects the pulse against group velocity dispersion. Furthermore, taking into account the finite radial size of the condensate, multimode light propagation in an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate is investigated. The number of modes that can be supported by a condensate is found. The single-mode condition is determined as a function of experimentally accessible parameters including trap size, temperature, condensate number density, and scattering length. Quantum coherent atom-light interaction schemes are proposed for enhancing multimode light propagation effects.
Considering two-level media in the array of weakly coupled nanocavities, we reveal a variety of dynamical regimes, such as diffusion, self-trapping, soliton, and breathers for the wave packets in the presence of photon tunneling processes between the next-nearest cavities. We focus our attention on the low-branch bright polariton soliton formation, due to the two-body polariton-polariton scattering processes. When detuning frequency is manipulated adiabatically, the low-branch lattice polariton localized states, i.e., solitons and breathers evolving between photonlike and matterlike states, are shown to act as carriers for spatially distributed storage and retrieval of optical information.
A quantum model of Bose-Einstein condensation based on processes involving polaritons excited in an intracavity absorbing cell with resonance atoms, which is manifested in the spectral characteristics of the system, is considered. It is shown that the spectral 'condensation' appears which is directly related to the degeneracy of a weakly interacting gas of polaritons resulting in quasi-condensation at room temperature. The possibility of obtaining polariton condensation as a new phase state by using the confinement of polaritons in an atomic optical harmonic trap is discussed.