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Journal of Low Temperature Physics

Pressurized 4He in Cylindrical and in Hexagonal Pores

M. Rossi, Davide Emilio Galli, L. Reatto

Published Dec 20, 2006• 17 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s10909-006-9265-x

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We give a variational Monte Carlo description at T = 0 K of 4He filling a porous glass within the shadow wave function technique. The confining media is modeled by a smooth cylindrical pore, and we have considered two different pore radii: R = 13 A and R = 22.5 A. The radial density profiles show a strong layering of the 4He atoms. In the R = 13 A pore, as the density is increased, solidification takes place layer by layer, starting from the pore wall, and the radius is too small to allow a bulk‐like solid to nucleate in the small liquid region at the center of the pore. For the R = 22.5 A pore we find an hcp lattice accommodated in the central region surrounded by four layers which turn out to be solid at the density of the computation. Computing the one‐body density matrix (in the R = 13 A case) we are able to estimate the Bose‐Einstein condensate fraction, which is still non‐zero even when the whole system is in the solid phase.
We give a variational Monte Carlo description at T = 0 K of 4He filling a porous glass within the shadow wave function technique. The confining media is modeled by a smooth cylindrical pore, and we have considered two different pore radii: R = 13 Å and R = 22.5 Å. The radial density profiles show a strong layering of the 4He atoms. In the R = 13 Å pore, as the density is increased, solidification takes place layer by layer, starting from the pore wall, and the radius is too small to allow a bulk‐like solid to nucleate in the small liquid region at the center of the pore. For the R = 22.5 Å pore we find an hcp lattice accommodated in the central region surrounded by four layers which turn out to be solid at the density of the computation. Computing the one‐body density matrix (in the R = 13 Å case) we are able to estimate the Bose‐Einstein condensate fraction, which is still non‐zero even when the whole system is in the solid phase.
Low dimensional quantum fluids, where one can probe the effects of enhanced thermal and quantum fluctuations on macroscopic quantum wavefunctions, can be experimentally realized through transverse physical confinement of superfluid helium on scales smaller than the coherence length. Reaching this scale is difficult, requiring confinement in single or multiple pores with nanometer radii. Porous silicates such as MCM-41 have a pore radius larger than the coherence length of 4He, and in this work we systematically explore the possibility of pre-plating pores with different elements to reduce the pore size without localizing the confined superfluid. Through a direct solution of the few-body Schrodinger equation combined with quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we explore the behavior of helium confined inside cylindrical nanopores for a range of pre-plating elements, including rare gases and alkali metals. For rare gases, we find that helium remains strongly attracted to the pore walls and any atoms in the core form an incompressible liquid. For alkali metals such as Cs, weak interactions between helium and the pre-plating material prevent localization near the walls and enable delocalization in the pore center. Our results extend previous results for helium wetting on flat two dimensional coated substrates to the curved geometry inside nanopores, and demonstrate that alkali pre-plated nanopores may enable a tunable one-dimensional confined quantum liquid of helium.