Entanglement, which is considered to be the most nonclassical manifestation of quantum formalism is a valuable resource for quantum computation and quantum information. Here we study entanglement of a channel spin-1 system which can be realised using polarised spin 1/2 beam and polarised spin 1/2 target which naturally arise in nuclear physics ex- periments like hadron scattering and reaction processes. This discussion is best done by em- ploying a new representation for the density matrix which provides physical interpretation for the polarization parameters.
Abstract Recent work introduced a phase-coherent directional amplitude framework for quantum measurement in which the physical state of an individual particle is represented by a signed directional amplitude distribution on an orientation manifold. In that framework, Stern–Gerlach statistics, Malus’ law, and bipartite correlations saturating the Tsirelson bound were reproduced by integrating amplitude distributions over analyzer-defined geometric regions. These results suggested that the amplitude distributions used in such calculations are not arbitrary modeling choices but arise from symmetry and measurement geometry. In the present work this framework is extended to spin-1 systems. Sequential Stern–Gerlach measurements for spin-1 particles produce three possible outcomes and exhibit quadratic angular dependence. Using harmonic analysis on the sphere together with a geometric three-channel filtering model of the Stern–Gerlach analyzer, we derive the minimal directional amplitude distribution capable of reproducing the spin-1 transition laws. The analysis shows that the accessible harmonic sector is restricted to , and that both the distribution coefficients and analyzer thresholds are uniquely fixed by symmetry and operational transition rules. We then show that this result generalizes: for a spin- system, the directional amplitude distribution must lie within the harmonic sector . This establishes a structural connection between quantum measurement statistics and the representation theory of rotations. Within this perspective, quantum measurement acts as harmonic filtering of orientation-dependent amplitude fields, and state reduction emerges as geometric marginalization imposed by the measurement interaction.
This paper proposes an alternative geometric representation of single qudit states based on probability simplexes to describe the quantum properties of noncomposite systems. In contrast to the known high dimension pictures, we present the planar picture of quantum states, using the elementary geometry. The approach is based on, so called, Malevich square representation of the single qubit state. It is shown that the quantum statistics of the single qudit with some spin j and observables are formally equivalent to statistics of the classical system with N 2 − 1 random vector variables and N 2 − 1 classical probability distributions, obeying special constrains, found in this study. We present a universal inequality, that describes the single qudits state quantumness. The inequality provides a possibility to experimentally check up entanglement of the system in terms of the classical probabilities. The simulation study for the single qutrit and ququad systems, using the Metropolis Monte-Carlo method, is obtained. The geometrical representation of the single qudit states, presented in the paper, is useful in providing a visualization of quantum states and illustrating their difference from the classical ones.