Even for the J = 0 limit of the t - J model, the spinons and holons are anyonic and the mean-field approach to this anyon problem results in a finite flux ground state.
In this paper, we studied the statistical behavior of anyons with isospin degrees of freedom, in which the fluctuation of isospin degrees of freedom satisfies the O(3) nonlinear σ model. Under the mean field treatment, this model is in somewhat equivalent to the doped or frustrated Heisenberg antiferromagnetic (AFM) model. We also studied the relation between the statistical field A μ , and Skyrmion current B μ . Finally, we set up the relation between flux states and spinon statistics, and the conditions of Bose condensation of holons. In particular, for π -flux state of A μ , the spinons are bosons, the holons satisfy 2/3 fractional statistics.
For finite doping, \ensuremath{\delta}, relative to half filling, it is shown, within the confines of a mean-field auxiliary-operator formulation, for the strictly infinite-U, i.e., J=0, limit of the two-dimensional Hubbard model, that the spinons generate a fictitious magnetic flux to which holons are subject and vice versa. For small doping, a flux state is the absolute ground state and has 1-\ensuremath{\delta}=2p/q, where p/q is a rational fraction and the flux per plaquette is \ensuremath{\Phi}=(p/q)${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Phi}}}_{0}$, where ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Phi}}}_{0}$ is the flux quantum. This phenomenon can be viewed upon as an all-electron Peierls instability or as broken statistical symmetry.