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Journal of Mathematical Physics

Scattering theory for the Belavkin equation describing a quantum particle with continuously observed coordinate

Vassili Nikitich Kolokoltsov

Published Jun 1, 1995• 27 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In the article, the complete investigation is given of the large times behavior of the solutions of the Belavkin quantum filtering equation describing a quantum particle with continuously observed coordinate. It turns out that these solutions have an extraordinary property, namely: as t → ∞, any solution will tend to a Gaussian function (for almost all realizations of innovating Wiener process). As a consequence, it follows that the dispersion of coordinate will always tend to the same limit, as t → ∞, not depending on initial data.

DOI
10.1063/1.531063

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In the article, the complete investigation is given of the large times behavior of the solutions of the Belavkin quantum filtering equation describing a quantum particle with continuously observed coordinate. It turns out that these solutions have an extraordinary property, namely: as t → ∞, any solution will tend to a Gaussian function (for almost all realizations of innovating Wiener process). As a consequence, it follows that the dispersion of coordinate will always tend to the same limit, as t → ∞, not depending on initial data.
The paper deals with the quantum Langevin equation describing a quantum particle with continuously observed position. Special Banach spaces of entire analytic functions are introduced and studied (including a theorem of Paley–Wiener type for them), which comprise all solutions of this equation and in which the uniform convergence (as time tends to infinity) of the solutions to the Gaussian function with a fixed dispersion (selflocalisation or continuous collapse) is proved. The asymptotic behavior at infinity of the mean position and momentum of the limit Gaussian wave packet (which satisfy classical Langevin equations) is also investigated.
A brief presentation of the basic concepts in quantum probability theory is given in comparison to the classical one. The notion of quantum white noise, its explicit representation in Fock space, and necessary results of noncommutative stochastic analysis and integration are outlined. Algebraic differential equations that unify the quantum non Markovian diffusion with continuous non demolition observation are derived. A stochastic equation of quantum diffusion filtering generalising the classical Markov filtering equation to the quantum flows over arbitrary *-algebra is obtained. A Gaussian quantum diffusion with one dimensional continuous observation is considered.The a posteriori quantum state difusion in this case is reduced to a linear quantum stochastic filter equation of Kalman-Bucy type and to the operator Riccati equation for quantum correlations. An example of continuous nondemolition observation of the coordinate of a free quantum particle is considered, describing a continuous collase to the stationary solution of the linear quantum filtering problem found in the paper.
A stochastic model of a continuous nondemolition observation of a quantum system is presented. The nonlinear stochastic wave equation describing the posterior dynamics of the observed quantum system is solved for a free particle of mass m>0. It is shown that the dispersion of the Gaussian wave packet does not increase to infinity as for a free unobserved particle, but tends to the finite limit ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\tau}}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\infty}}}^{2}$=(\ensuremath{\Elzxh}/2\ensuremath{\lambda}m)1/2{)}^{1/2})1/2, where \ensuremath{\lambda} is the accuracy coefficient of an indirect nondemolition measurement of the particle's position.
There is an extensive literature on the dynamic law of large numbers for systems of quantum particles, that is, on the derivation of an equation describing the limiting individual behavior of particles in a large ensemble of identical interacting particles. The resulting equations are generally referred to as nonlinear Schrödinger equations or Hartree equations, or Gross–Pitaevskii equations. In this paper, we extend some of these convergence results to a stochastic framework. Specifically, we work with the Belavkin stochastic filtering of many-particle quantum systems. The resulting limiting equation is an equation of a new type, which can be regarded as a complex-valued infinite-dimensional nonlinear diffusion of McKean–Vlasov type. This result is the key ingredient for the theory of quantum mean-field games developed by the author in a previous paper.