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Optics Communications

A fiber-based differential phase shift quantum key distribution scheme with higher key creation efficiency

Huani Zhang, Jindong Wang, Xiaobao Liu, Zhengjun Wei, Songhao Liu

Published Apr 17, 2009• 5 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.optcom.2009.03.066

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Sep 11, 2002•64 citations
We propose an auto-compensating differential phase shift scheme for quantum key distribution with a high key-creation efficiency, which skillfully makes use of automatic alignment of the photon polarization states in optical fiber with modified Michelson interferometers composed of unequal arms with Faraday mirrors at the ends. The Faraday-mirrors-based Michelson interferometers not only function as pulse splitters, but also enable inherent compensation of polarization mode dispersion in the optic-fiber paths at both Alice's and Bob's sites. The sequential pulses encoded by differential phase shifts pass through the quantum channel with the same polarization states, resulting in a stable key distribution immune to the polarization mode dispersion in the quantum channel. Such a system features perfect stability and higher key creation efficiency over traditional schemes.
This paper presents novel quantum key distribution (QKD) schemes that use differential phases of sequential pulses as an information carrier. Alice sends a photon in a linear superposition state of three temporal slots, in which each amplitude is phase-modulated by {0,π}. Bob measures the phase difference of an asymmetric interferometer, and tells Alice time-instance at which the photon was counted. From this time information and her modulation data, Alice knows which detector counted the photon in Bob s site. Then, the two parties create a secret key. The scheme is suitable for fiber transmission systems and offers key creation efficiency higher than conventional phase-encoding QKD. The above scheme utilizes fully non-orthogonal four states. Differential phase shift QKD utilizing two non-orthogonal states is also presented. Alice sends a coherent pulse train with less than one photon per pulse, which is phase modulated by {0,π} for each pulse, and Bob measures the pulse train by a one-bit delay circuit. The system has a simple configuration such that Alice has no interferometer and sends no intense reference pulse, unlike to conventional QKD scheme using two non-orthogonal states, and also has an advantage of high key creation efficiency.