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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Long-time quantum coherence of near-circular wavepackets

S. Yoshida, Carlos O Reinhold, Joachim Burgdörfer, J. J. Mestayer, B. Wyker, F. B. Dunning

Published Nov 1, 2009• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate that the quantum coherence of mesoscopic high- n ( n ∼ 306) Rydberg wavepackets can be maintained for microseconds, i.e. many hundreds of classical orbital periods. The coherence is probed through quantum revivals of the average electron position. A novel hybrid quantum-classical trajectory method is used to simulate the wavepacket dynamics.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/194/3/032022

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We demonstrate that the quantum coherence of mesoscopic high- n ( n ∼ 306) Rydberg wavepackets can be maintained for microseconds, i.e. many hundreds of classical orbital periods. The coherence is probed through quantum revivals of the average electron position. A novel hybrid quantum-classical trajectory method is used to simulate the wavepacket dynamics.
We demonstrate that the quantum coherence of mesoscopic very-high- n , n ∼305, Rydberg wave packets travelling along nearly circular orbits can be maintained on microsecond time scales corresponding to hundreds of classical orbital periods. The coherence is probed through collapses and revivals of periodic oscillations in the average electron position. The temporal interferences of spatially separated Schrödinger cat-like wave packets are also observed. A novel hybrid quantum–classical trajectory method is employed to simulate the wave packet dynamics.
Atoms in high-lying Rydberg states with large values of principal quantum number n, n ≥300, form a valuable laboratory in which to explore the control and manipulation of quantum states of mesoscopic size using carefully tailored sequences of short electric field pulses whose characteristic times (duration and/or rise/fall times) are less than the classical electron orbital period. Atoms react to such pulse sequences very differently than to short laser or microwave pulses providing the foundation for a number of new approaches to engineering atomic wavefunctions. The remarkable level of control that can be achieved is illustrated with reference to the generation of localized wavepackets in Bohr-like near-circular orbits, and the production of non-dispersive wavepackets under periodic driving and their transport to targeted regions of phase space. New protocols continue to be developed that will allow even tighter control with the promise of new insights into quantum-classical correspondence, information storage in mesoscopic systems, physics in the ultra-fast ultra-intense regime, and non-linear dynamics in driven systems.
Localized wavepackets are created in high- n ( n ~ 300) Rydberg atoms which travel in near-circular orbits around the nucleus. Application of carefully tailored electric fields to quasi-1D Rydberg atoms creates coherent superpositions of Stark states with near extreme values of one of the components of the angular momentum. Half-cycle electric field pulses (HCPs) probe the dynamics of the circular states producing signature oscillations in survival probability that correspond to the expected wavepacket evolution. Although these wavepackets slowly dephase and lose their localization, their motion can be followed for several orbits and provides an analog of the original Bohr model, i.e., an electron in circular classical orbit around the nucleus. Measurements of the asymmetry in survival probability with increasing probe strength at different phases of the orbit confirm orbital motion of the wavepacket. Classical trajectory Monte-Carlo simulations (CTMC) agree with experimental results, and provide promising leads for future studies.
We describe how, almost 100 years after the introduction of the Bohr model of the atom, it is now possible using pulsed electric fields to create localized wavepackets in high n (n≈300) Rydberg atoms that travel in near-circular Bohr-like orbits mimicking the behavior of a classical electron. The protocols employed are explained with the aid of quantum and classical dynamics. Although many aspects of the underlying behavior can be described using classical arguments, purely quantum effects such as revivals can be seen even for n≈300.
Quantum revivals in very-high-n (n ~ 300) high-l Rydberg wave packets generated from parent np states are used to examine decoherence induced by the application of 'coloured' noise from a random pulse generator and by collisions. In the absence of external perturbations, the high-l wave packets maintain their coherence for periods ~ 1 µs, i.e. for many hundreds of orbits. This coherence can be destroyed on sub-microsecond timescales by the application of even very small amounts of electrical noise at a rate that depends markedly on the spectral characteristics of the noise. In contrast, measurements over similar timescales with CO2 target gas densities of ~ 1011 cm−3 provided no evidence of collisional dephasing. The mechanisms responsible for decoherence are discussed with the aid of classical and quantum simulations. The results of these simulations are in good accord with the experimental data.
We demonstrate the use of a periodic train of half-cycle pulses to maintain strongly-localized wave packets in very-high-nnn $(n\ensuremath{\sim}300)$ Rydberg atoms that travel in near-circular orbits about the nucleus. This motion can be followed for hundreds of orbital periods and mimics the original Bohr model of the hydrogen atom which envisioned an electron in circular classical orbit about the nucleus.