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International Conference on Communications

Analysis of secure unicast links in stochastic wireless networks

Satyanaranaya Vuppala, Giuseppe Thadeu Freitas de Abreu

Published Jun 1, 2013• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We analyze the effect of fading onto the probability of non-zero secrecy capacity, denoted Pr{Cs:i> 0}, in stochastic wireless random networks modeled as Secrecy-Graphs. Specifically, we derive expressions to characterize the probability that the secrecy capacity of a unicast channel to a legitimate node is non-zero, in the case when the channel is affected by Nakagami-m fading, and in the presence of a random (unknown) number of eavesdroppers. The results show that fading can increase the probability of finding information-theoretic secure channels in such conditions, depending on the relative density of legitimate nodes and eavesdroppers.

DOI
10.1109/icc.2013.6654741

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We analyze the effect of fading onto the probability of non-zero secrecy capacity, denoted Pr{Cs:i> 0}, in stochastic wireless random networks modeled as Secrecy-Graphs. Specifically, we derive expressions to characterize the probability that the secrecy capacity of a unicast channel to a legitimate node is non-zero, in the case when the channel is affected by Nakagami-m fading, and in the presence of a random (unknown) number of eavesdroppers. The results show that fading can increase the probability of finding information-theoretic secure channels in such conditions, depending on the relative density of legitimate nodes and eavesdroppers.
We consider the secrecy capacity of unicast channels of ad hoc networks exposed to randomly located eavesdroppers, as modeled by S-Graphs. Expressions that quantify the impact of fading and of the density of legitimate nodes relative to that of eavesdroppers are obtained, in terms of the probability that secrecy capacities of unicast channels are nonzero. The results indicate that depending on the relative density of eavesdroppers and the fading intensity, the secrecy capacity of unicast channels subject to fading may be higher than under additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN).
We consider the secrecy capacity of unicast channels of ad hoc networks exposed to randomly located eavesdroppers, as modeled by S-Graphs. Expressions that quantify the impact of fading and of the density of legitimate nodes relative to that of eavesdroppers are obtained, in terms of the probability that secrecy capacities of unicast channels are non-zero. The results indicate that depending on the relative density of eavesdroppers and the fading intensity, the secrecy capacity of unicast channels subject to fading may be higher that under AWGN.
We investigated the secrecy outage of unicast channels in random networks exposed to unknown numbers of randomly located eavesdroppers, obtaining original expressions which include uncertainty in terms of the location of legitimate nodes relative to eavesdroppers, the number of eavesdroppers, and fading. Under such conditions, we derive the path gain distributions of legitimate and eavesdropper nodes, as well as the corresponding secrecy non-outage. Two interesting conclusions can be drawn from our analysis. The first is that the uncertainty on the number of eavesdropper does not play a significant role in quantifying secrecy outage; and the second is that secret communication at a given rate is possible (albeit subjected to outage), with very low power. Specifically, it is found that the for a given fading figure and network density (which fundamentally determines the secrecy outage) similar secrecy outage is experience by the k-th furthest legitimate node, independent on the source's transmit power.
This paper is concerned with the transmission of confidential message through Nakagami-m fading wireless channel in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers. The eavesdroppers are mutually independent and the information is secure if it cannot be eavesdropped by any eavesdropper. Considering the problem of secret communications between two nodes over Nakagami-m fading channel where a number of eavesdroppers observes their transmissions through other Nakagami-m fading channels, we characterize the probability of non-zero secrecy capacity and secure outage probability to investigate the secrecy capacity in terms of secure outage probability. We also present a formulation of the ergodic secrecy capacity in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers.
Nakagami-m fading channel is chosen to analyze the secrecy capacity for fading channels since the Nakagami-m distribution can model fading conditions, which are more or less severe than that of Rayleigh and has the advantage of including Rayleigh as a special case. At first, secrecy capacity is defined in case of full channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter, where transmitter has access to both the main channel and eavesdropper channel gains. Secondly, secrecy capacity is defined with only main channel CSI at the transmitter. Then, optimal power allocation at the transmitter that achieves the secrecy capacity is derived for both the cases. Moreover, secrecy capacity is defined under open-loop transmission scheme, and the exact closed form analytical expression for the lower bound of ergodic secrecy capacity is derived for Nakagami-m fading single-input multiple-output (SIMO) channel. In addition, secrecy capacity is defined for the AWGN channel in order to realize the information-theoretic security of wireless channels with no fading. Finally, analytical expressions for the probability of non-zero secrecy capacity and secure outage probability are derived in order to investigate the secure outage performance of fading channels.
Information-theoretic security -- widely accepted as the strictest notion of security -- relies on channel coding techniques that exploit the inherent randomness of the propagation channels to significantly strengthen the security of digital communications systems. Motivated by recent developments in the field, this paper aims at a characterization of the fundamental secrecy limits of wireless networks. Based on a general model in which legitimate nodes and potential eavesdroppers are randomly scattered in space, the intrinsically secure communications graph (iS-graph) is defined from the point of view of information-theoretic security. Conclusive results are provided for the local connectivity of the Poisson iS-graph, in terms of node degrees and isolation probabilities. It is shown how the secure connectivity of the network varies with the wireless propagation effects, the secrecy rate threshold of each link, and the noise powers of legitimate nodes and eavesdroppers. Sectorized transmission and eavesdropper neutralization are explored as viable strategies for improving the secure connectivity. Lastly, the maximum secrecy rate between a node and each of its neighbours is characterized, and the case of colluding eavesdroppers is studied. The results help clarify how the spatial density of eavesdroppers can compromise the intrinsic security of wireless networks.