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Optics Letters

Group velocity manipulation in active fibers using mutually modulated cross-gain modulation: from ultraslow to superluminal propagation

Kai Qian, Li Zhan, Liqun Zhang, Z. Q. Zhu, Junsong Peng, Zhihao Gu, X. Hu, Shuai Luo, Y. X. Xia

Published Jun 6, 2011• 43 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose and experimentally demonstrate the propagation of slow/fast light in an erbium-doped fiber (EDF) using mutually modulated cross-gain modulation. The group velocity of the light signal can be manipulated by the effect of gain cross-saturation modulation by a saturating light at an arbitrary wavelength in the gain bandwidth of the EDF. The ultraslow propagation with a small group velocity of 5.6 × 10⁻³c (c is the light speed in free space) and superluminal propagation with a negative group velocity of -1.1 × 10⁻³c has been observed under different modulation phases.

DOI
10.1364/ol.36.002185

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We propose and experimentally demonstrate the propagation of slow/fast light in an erbium-doped fiber (EDF) using mutually modulated cross-gain modulation. The group velocity of the light signal can be manipulated by the effect of gain cross-saturation modulation by a saturating light at an arbitrary wavelength in the gain bandwidth of the EDF. The ultraslow propagation with a small group velocity of 5.6 × 10⁻³c (c is the light speed in free space) and superluminal propagation with a negative group velocity of -1.1 × 10⁻³c has been observed under different modulation phases.
We report the group velocity control of light in optical fiber by gain-imbedded unbalanced fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer. Slow and fast light effects were observed at the frequencies near the minimum of the transmission spectrum. Controllable group velocity between 0.719 c to 0.620 c ( c is the light speed in a vacuum) was obtained via the cross-intensity modulation effect, by changing the gain index in the long arm. With the power compensation provided by the introduced Erbium doped fiber, this proposal offers a simple and operable solution to realize lossless slow and fast light propagation in optical fiber.
We observe both extremely slow and superluminal pulse propagation speeds at room temperature in an erbium-doped fiber (EDF). A signal at 1550 nm is sent through an erbium-doped fiber with varying powers of a 980 nm pump. The degree of signal delay or advancement is found to depend significantly on the pump intensity. We observe a maximum fractional advancement of 0.124 and a maximum fractional delay of 0.089. The effect is demonstrated both for a sinusoidally modulated signal and for Gaussian pulses. The ability to control the sign and magnitude of the pulse velocity could have important implications for applications in photonics.
We propose a technique to obtain slow and fast light propagations based on coherent population oscillations forced by a modulated pump. This mechanism produces an enhancement of 1 order of magnitude of the delay or advancement of light signals. The relative phase between the pumps to the signal fields is used as a knob for changing light propagation from ultraslow group velocities to negative group velocities. The experimental realization of the phenomenon was carried out in an erbium-doped fiber amplifier at room temperature.