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Applied Physics B

New inertial and gravitational effects made measurable by atomic beam interferometry

Jürgen Audretsch, Cláus Lämmerzahl

Published May 1, 1992• 28 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/bf00325379

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In order to monitor 3 axes rotation and acceleration of vehicle simultaneously,a realization scheme for measuring 6 axes inertial parameters using cold atom interferometry was presented.Through exerting different types and directions Raman pulses on two counterpropagating atomic beams in spatial domain,it achieved beams splitting of cold atom,and multiple sub-interferometers with effective interference plane point to several orientations.The relation between interferometry phase shift and the corresponding inertial parameter was derived,and the measurement principle of each axis rotation and acceleration was deduced through interferometry phase shift.The measurement of x axis acceleration by extending pulse with 45° to x axis and y axis was presented based on 5 axes inertial parameters.By analysing the beam splitting,construction and measurement of the interferometer,it showed this scheme has access to 3 axes of rotation and acceleration.
We show that the language of atom interferometry provides a unified picture for microwave and optical atomic clocks as well as for gravito-inertial sensors. The sensitivity and accuracy of these devices is now such that a new theoretical framework common to all these interferometers is required that includes: (a) a fully quantum mechanical treatment of the atomic motion in free space and in the presence of a gravitational field (most cold-atom interferometric devices use atoms in ``free fall'' in a fountain geometry); (b) an account of simultaneous actions of gravitational and electromagnetic fields in the interaction zones; (c) a second quantization of the matter fields to take into account their fermionic or bosonic character in order to discuss the role of coherent sources and their noise properties; (d) a covariant treatment including spin to evaluate general relativistic effects. A theoretical description of atomic clocks revisited along these lines is presented, using both an exact propagator of atom waves in gravito-inertial fields and a covariant Dirac equation in the presence of weak gravitational fields. Using this framework, recoil effects, spin-related effects, beam curvature effects, the sensitivity to gravito-inertial fields and the influence of the coherence of the atom source are discussed in the context of present and future atomic clocks and gravito-inertial sensors.