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Physical Review A

Self-induced-transparency solitons in an erbium-doped fiber waveguide

Masataka Nakazawa, Yasuo N. Kimura, Kenji Kurokawa, Kazunori Suzuki

Published Jan 1, 1992• 80 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Self-induced transparency (SIT) has been observed in an erbium-doped resonant fiber waveguide. The waveguide had an erbium ion concentration of 8900 ppm, and was cooled to 4.2 K. The pulse source was a 1.53-\ensuremath{\mu}m mode-locked Er-doped glass laser with a pulse width of 500 ps. Stable 2\ensuremath{\pi}, 4\ensuremath{\pi}, and multiple soliton pulses that broke up were clearly observed.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.45.r23

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Self-induced transparency soliton propagation in an erbium-doped optical fiber waveguide

Masataka Nakazawa, Yasuo N. Kimura, Kazunori Suzuki +2 more

The recent development of the EDFA (erbium-doped fiber amplifier) offers the possibility for uses of the fibers to experiments on coherent pulse propagation such as self-induced transparency (SIT). The guiding of the radiation by the fiber structure eliminates diffraction effects and makes possible the interaction of the radiation with the fiber medium which has resonance effects over long distances. To date, however, experiments on SIT solitons have suffered from diffraction effects that were further complicated by nonlinear interactions. In the present paper, we report for the first time the observation of SIT soliton propagation in an erbium- doped resonant fiber waveguide.

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Coexistence of a self-induced-transparency soliton and a nonlinear Schrödinger soliton in an erbium-doped fiber

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The possibility of observing a self-induced transparency (SIT) in an erbium-doped optical fiber is investigated. A general equation that includes the SIT, the group-velocity dispersion (GVD) of the fiber, and the nonlinear refractive index is discussed. It is shown that for one particular value of waveguide parameters the nonlinear index can balance the GVD, that is, the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation (NLS), while maintaining a SIT soliton. This is called a SIT-NLS soliton. The phase change of the SIT-NLS soliton is governed solely by the NLS component, and the pulse delay due to resonance is determined solely by the SIT component when the detuning is zero. Practical parameters for silica-based fibers do not allow the coexistence of a mixed soliton state. A simple derivation of a condition for a SIT-NLS soliton is also presented. The SIT-NLS soliton is computer-run, and it is shown that a stable 2\ensuremath{\pi}/N=1 SIT-NLS soliton exists. However, high-order SIT-NLS solitons always split into multiple 2\ensuremath{\pi}/N=1 solitons. The NLS property can be preserved when ${\mathit{Z}}_{\mathrm{sp}}$\ensuremath{\ll}${\mathit{L}}_{\mathrm{abs}.}$ Finally, the NLS soliton that interacts coherently with erbium ions is studied, and the coherent pulsation that produces multiple narrow pulses is described.

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Coherent \ensuremath{\pi}-pulse propagation with pulse breakup has been observed in an erbium-doped fiber waveguide amplifier. The waveguide was pumped by a 1.48-\ensuremath{\mu}m ${\mathrm{In}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{As}}_{\mathit{y}}$${\mathrm{P}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{y}}$ laser diode. The waveguide had an erbium ion concentration of 8900 ppm and was cooled to 4.2 K. The pulse source was a 1.53-\ensuremath{\mu}m mode-locked Er-doped glass laser with a pulse width of 400 ps. A pulse advance of approximately 130 ps was observed between a low-intensity transmitted pulse with a low pump power and an amplified \ensuremath{\pi} pulse in a 1.5-m-long fiber.

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Hidden possibilities in controlling optical soliton in fiber guided doped resonant medium

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Fiber guided optical signal propagating in a Erbium doped nonlinear resonant medium is known to produce cleaner solitonic pulse, described by the self induced transparency (SIT) coupled to nonlinear Schroedinger equation. We discover two new possibilities hidden in its integrable structure, for amplification and control of the optical pulse. Using the variable soliton width permitted by the integrability of this model, the broadening pulse can be regulated by adjusting the initial population inversion of the opant atoms. The effect can be enhanced by another innovative application of its constrained integrable hierarchy, proposing a system of multiple SIT media. These theoretical predictions are workable analytically in details, correcting the limitation of a well known result.

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Hidden possibilities in controlling optical soliton in fiber guided doped resonant medium

Anjan Kundu

Fiber guided optical signal propagating in a Erbium doped nonlinear resonant medium is known to produce cleaner solitonic pulse, described by the self induced transparency (SIT) coupled to nonlinear Schrödinger equation. We discover two new possibilities hidden in its integrable structure, for amplification and control of the optical pulse. Using the variable soliton width permitted by the integrability of this model, the broadening pulse can be regulated by adjusting the initial population inversion of the dopant atoms. The effect can be enhanced by another innovative application of its constrained integrable hierarchy, proposing a system of multiple SIT media. These theoretical predictions are workable analytically in details, correcting a well known result.

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Theory of self-induced transparency in a Kerr host medium beyond the slowly-varying-envelope approximation

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The self-induced transparency in the Kerr host medium has been studied beyond the slowly-varying-envelope approximation. An analytic solution is obtained. There exists a hyperbolic-secant soliton whose power, pulse width, group velocity, and propagation constant are uniquely determined for given parameters of the medium. The reductions of the group velocities of the solitons by the self-induced-transparency effect in the resonant medium with homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening are also studied. It is found that there is negative dispersion induced by the self-induced transparency, which is not predicted by the theory with the slowly-varying-envelope approximation. The amount of the induced dispersion is determined by the total dispersion of the system required to be compensated by the Kerr effect. Numerical examples of the self-induced transparency in an erbium-doped fiber are shown. In a typical erbium-doped fiber, the soliton solution has not been found because the inhomogeneous-broadening linewidth of the medium is too large.

Physical Review A•Apr 1, 1993•9 citations
Self-induced transparency (SIT) has been observed in an erbium-doped resonant fiber waveguide. The waveguide had an erbium ion concentration of 8900 ppm, and was cooled to 4.2 K. The pulse source was a 1.53-\ensuremath{\mu}m mode-locked Er-doped glass laser with a pulse width of 500 ps. Stable 2\ensuremath{\pi}, 4\ensuremath{\pi}, and multiple soliton pulses that broke up were clearly observed.
The recent development of the EDFA (erbium-doped fiber amplifier) offers the possibility for uses of the fibers to experiments on coherent pulse propagation such as self-induced transparency (SIT). The guiding of the radiation by the fiber structure eliminates diffraction effects and makes possible the interaction of the radiation with the fiber medium which has resonance effects over long distances. To date, however, experiments on SIT solitons have suffered from diffraction effects that were further complicated by nonlinear interactions. In the present paper, we report for the first time the observation of SIT soliton propagation in an erbium- doped resonant fiber waveguide.
The possibility of observing a self-induced transparency (SIT) in an erbium-doped optical fiber is investigated. A general equation that includes the SIT, the group-velocity dispersion (GVD) of the fiber, and the nonlinear refractive index is discussed. It is shown that for one particular value of waveguide parameters the nonlinear index can balance the GVD, that is, the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation (NLS), while maintaining a SIT soliton. This is called a SIT-NLS soliton. The phase change of the SIT-NLS soliton is governed solely by the NLS component, and the pulse delay due to resonance is determined solely by the SIT component when the detuning is zero. Practical parameters for silica-based fibers do not allow the coexistence of a mixed soliton state. A simple derivation of a condition for a SIT-NLS soliton is also presented. The SIT-NLS soliton is computer-run, and it is shown that a stable 2\ensuremath{\pi}/N=1 SIT-NLS soliton exists. However, high-order SIT-NLS solitons always split into multiple 2\ensuremath{\pi}/N=1 solitons. The NLS property can be preserved when Zsp{\mathit{Z}}_{\mathrm{sp}}Zsp​\ensuremath{\ll}Labs.{\mathit{L}}_{\mathrm{abs}.}Labs.​ Finally, the NLS soliton that interacts coherently with erbium ions is studied, and the coherent pulsation that produces multiple narrow pulses is described.
Coherent \ensuremath{\pi}-pulse propagation with pulse breakup has been observed in an erbium-doped fiber waveguide amplifier. The waveguide was pumped by a 1.48-\ensuremath{\mu}m ${\mathrm{In}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$Gax{\mathrm{Ga}}_{\mathit{x}}Gax​Asy{\mathrm{As}}_{\mathit{y}}Asy​${\mathrm{P}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{y}}$ laser diode. The waveguide had an erbium ion concentration of 8900 ppm and was cooled to 4.2 K. The pulse source was a 1.53-\ensuremath{\mu}m mode-locked Er-doped glass laser with a pulse width of 400 ps. A pulse advance of approximately 130 ps was observed between a low-intensity transmitted pulse with a low pump power and an amplified \ensuremath{\pi} pulse in a 1.5-m-long fiber.
Fiber guided optical signal propagating in a Erbium doped nonlinear resonant medium is known to produce cleaner solitonic pulse, described by the self induced transparency (SIT) coupled to nonlinear Schroedinger equation. We discover two new possibilities hidden in its integrable structure, for amplification and control of the optical pulse. Using the variable soliton width permitted by the integrability of this model, the broadening pulse can be regulated by adjusting the initial population inversion of the opant atoms. The effect can be enhanced by another innovative application of its constrained integrable hierarchy, proposing a system of multiple SIT media. These theoretical predictions are workable analytically in details, correcting the limitation of a well known result.
Fiber guided optical signal propagating in a Erbium doped nonlinear resonant medium is known to produce cleaner solitonic pulse, described by the self induced transparency (SIT) coupled to nonlinear Schrödinger equation. We discover two new possibilities hidden in its integrable structure, for amplification and control of the optical pulse. Using the variable soliton width permitted by the integrability of this model, the broadening pulse can be regulated by adjusting the initial population inversion of the dopant atoms. The effect can be enhanced by another innovative application of its constrained integrable hierarchy, proposing a system of multiple SIT media. These theoretical predictions are workable analytically in details, correcting a well known result.
The self-induced transparency in the Kerr host medium has been studied beyond the slowly-varying-envelope approximation. An analytic solution is obtained. There exists a hyperbolic-secant soliton whose power, pulse width, group velocity, and propagation constant are uniquely determined for given parameters of the medium. The reductions of the group velocities of the solitons by the self-induced-transparency effect in the resonant medium with homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening are also studied. It is found that there is negative dispersion induced by the self-induced transparency, which is not predicted by the theory with the slowly-varying-envelope approximation. The amount of the induced dispersion is determined by the total dispersion of the system required to be compensated by the Kerr effect. Numerical examples of the self-induced transparency in an erbium-doped fiber are shown. In a typical erbium-doped fiber, the soliton solution has not been found because the inhomogeneous-broadening linewidth of the medium is too large.