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Chinese Physics Letters

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Entanglement and Quantum Nonlocality for an Electron in a Uniform Magnetic Field

Fan Hong-Yi, Zeng‐Bing Chen

Published May 1, 2000• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We show that there exists the precise Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entanglement for an electron in a uniform magnetic field. Specifically, the x - and y -coordinates of the electron as well as the corresponding canonical momenta p x and p y become sharply correlated, which is a novel fact unnoticed before. When a harmonic potential is added to the system, the original vacuum state of the system becomes a squeezed vacuum state, whose quantum nonlocality is then demonstrated.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/17/5/002

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We show that there exists the precise Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entanglement for an electron in a uniform magnetic field. Specifically, the x - and y -coordinates of the electron as well as the corresponding canonical momenta p x and p y become sharply correlated, which is a novel fact unnoticed before. When a harmonic potential is added to the system, the original vacuum state of the system becomes a squeezed vacuum state, whose quantum nonlocality is then demonstrated.
We review how to rely on the quantum entanglement idea of Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen and the developed Dirac's symbolic method to set up two kinds of entangled state representations for describing the motion and states of an electron in uniform magnetic field. The entangled states can be employed for conveniently expressing Landau wave function and Laughlin wave function with a fresh look. We analyze the entanglement involved in electron's coordinates (or momenta) eigenstates, and in the angular momentum-orbit radius entangled state. Various applications of these two representations, such as in developing angular momentum theory, squeezing mechanism, Wigner function and tomography theory for this system are presented. Thus the present review systematically summarizes a distinct approach for tackling this physical system.
We examine the properties and behavior of the original Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) wave function [Phys. Rev. 47, 777 (1935)] and related Gaussian-correlated wave functions. We assess the degree of entanglement of these wave functions and consider an argument of Bell [Ann. (N.Y.) Acad. Sci. 480, 263 (1986)] based on the Wigner phase-space distribution [Phys. Rev. 40, 749 (1932)], which implies that the original EPR correlations can accommodate a local hidden-variable description. We extend Bell's analysis to the related Gaussian wave functions. We then show that it is possible to identify definite nonlocal aspects for the original EPR state and related states. We describe possible experiments that would demonstrate these nonlocal features through violations of Bell inequalities. The implications of our results, and in particular their relevance for the causal interpretation of quantum mechanics, are considered.
We demonstrate the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) correlations in the Gaussian trial wavefunctional widely used in the Schrödinger representation of the self-interacting complex scalar fields (CSF). This demonstration is based on the explicit eigenstates ||ξ⟩, which possess the precise EPR entanglement and constitute a complete and orthonormal representation, of CSF ϕ and ϕ † in the Fock space. To show the entanglement of the Gaussian trial wavefunctional, we evaluate in the ⟨ξ||-representation its `entangled' Wigner functional resembling the Wigner function of the two-mode squeezed vacuum state, whose quantum entanglement is well known.
In the newly constructed entangled state representation embodying quantum entanglement of Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen, the usual wave function of atomic coherent state ∣τ〉 = exp (μJ+-μ*J-)∣j, -j〉 turns out to be just proportional to a single-variable ordinary Hermite polynomial of order 2j, where j is the spin value. We then prove that a two-dimensional time-independent anisotropic harmonic oscillator in a uniform magnetic field possesses energy eigenstates which can be classified as the states ∣τ〉 in terms of the spin values j.
In recent decades it was established that the measurements of physical quantities in space-time points divided by large space-like intervals can be correlated.The correlation is created by the measurements while their mutual influence requires the corresponding supraliminal velocities.This situation is commonly known as the violation of the Bell inequality in the Bohm version of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox.Nearly 40 years the question remains disputable with a variety of contradicting views.The most frequently the violation is explained by the existence of some momentary action at a distance which obliges the quantum mechanics (as well as all nature) to be nonlocal.We find the "common cause in the past" as the origin of the observed quantum correlation which so far was unnoticed either by the partisans of quantum non-locality or their opponents.The novelty of our approach is the accent on the expressions for the observed physical quantities rather than on the "entangled" two-particle wave functions.We show the crucial role of phases in the correlation process that is hard to notice using the traditional approach.