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Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement

On the CAM Canonicality of the Cluster-Variation Approximations

Makoto Katori, Masuo Suzuki

Published Jan 1, 1994• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The cluster-variation method (CVM) proposed by Kikuchi is a general theory to give approximations, which are useful to discuss phase transitions qualitatively in many systems. Recently one of the present authors (M. S.) proposed the coherent-anomaly method (CAM). If we have a well-behaved series of approximations, which is called a canonical series, we can estimate critical exponents following the CAM. In this paper it is demonstrated by using the ferromagnetic Ising models that the CVM will provide a canonical series which shows coherent anomaly. Our result implies that combining the CVM with the CAM will give a powerful method to study phase transitions and critical phenomena.

DOI
10.1143/ptps.115.83

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The cluster-variation method (CVM) proposed by Kikuchi is a general theory to give approximations, which are useful to discuss phase transitions qualitatively in many systems. Recently one of the present authors (M. S.) proposed the coherent-anomaly method (CAM). If we have a well-behaved series of approximations, which is called a canonical series, we can estimate critical exponents following the CAM. In this paper it is demonstrated by using the ferromagnetic Ising models that the CVM will provide a canonical series which shows coherent anomaly. Our result implies that combining the CVM with the CAM will give a powerful method to study phase transitions and critical phenomena.
On the basis of the coherent-anomaly method (CAM) proposed by Suzuki, the static and dynamic critical exponents of the Ising model in the triangle and the square lattice are calculated using the cluster variation method (CVM) and the path probability method (PPM) devised by Kikuchi within analytical tractable approximations. The values of critical temperatures and critical exponents estimated from three approximations with different levels are generally reasonable. The two-dimensional results are also compared with those of the simple cubic lattice.
The critical exponent ν of correlation length is calculated on the basis of the coherent anomaly method (CAM) by using the pair, the cactus-square and the square approximations of the cluster variation method (CVM) in the D (≥2)-dimensional cubic lattice of the Ising model. These simple analytical approximations give good values of critical exponent ν and critical temperature in the two- and three-dimensional lattices. However, further consideration is needed to determine a critical dimension in the D -dimensional Ising model by the CAM.
The coherent-anomaly scaling is investigated for the approximations derived on the basis of the cluster-variation method (CVM). All of the mean-field critical coefficients are calculated in the Weiss, the Bethe and the Kikuchi approximations for the three-dimensional Ising model on the simple cubic lattice. The dynamical coefficients of the relaxation time are also obtained in the corresponding approximations for the kinetic Ising model. The non-classical values of critical exponents as well as the true value of critical temperature are estimated by extrapolating these approximants by the coherent-anomaly method. The results suggest that the approximations by the CVM possess the property of coherent-anomaly scaling.
A general procedure to study critical phenomena of magnetic systems is discussed. It consists of systematic series of Landau-like approximations (extended variational method) and the coherent-anomaly method (CAM). As for susceptibility, the present method is equivalent to the power-series CAM theory. On the other hand, the EVM gives a set of new approximants for other physical quantities. Applications to d-dimensional Ising ferromagnets are also described. The critical points and exponents are estimated with high accuracy.
A general procedure to study critical phenomena of magnetic systems is discussed. It consists of systematic series of Landau-like approximations (extended variational method) and the coherent-anomaly method (CAM). As for susceptibility, the present method is equivalent to the power-series CAM theory. On the other hand, the EVM gives a set of new approximants for other physical quantities. Applications to d-dimensional Ising ferromagnets are also described. The critical points and exponents are estimated with high accuracy.
A cluster-effective-field theory, called the double-cluster approximation, is formulated for quantum spin systems at T=0. Combining this approximation with the coherent-anomaly method (CAM), critical phenomena in such systems can be analysed. To test their theory, the authors have estimated the critical points and critical exponents of the one-dimensional S=1/2 transverse Ising model and the one-dimensional S=1/2 XZ model. The estimates are in good agreement with the exact solutions. These results show that the CAM approach is useful in treating zero-temperature phase transitions in quantum spin systems.