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Physica Scripta

Dynamics of Optical Nonlinearities and Bistability in Three-Level Systems (CuCl)

J. B. Grün, B. Hönerlage, R. Lévy

Published Jan 1, 1986• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The theoretical study of the nonlinear dielectric function of three-level systems has shown a memory effect which depends on the inversion of the exciton and biexciton populations created during the excitation and on the relaxation times of these quasiparticles. This effect is studied at low temperatures (2 K) by measuring the time evolution of the transmission of a beam through a CuCl sample. In addition, it has important consequences on the switching properties of bistable devices using CuCl as the active medium.

DOI
10.1088/0031-8949/1986/t13/031

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The theoretical study of the nonlinear dielectric function of three-level systems has shown a memory effect which depends on the inversion of the exciton and biexciton populations created during the excitation and on the relaxation times of these quasiparticles. This effect is studied at low temperatures (2 K) by measuring the time evolution of the transmission of a beam through a CuCl sample. In addition, it has important consequences on the switching properties of bistable devices using CuCl as the active medium.
We study the time variation of the nonlinear absorption due to the creation of biexcitons by a high-intensity nanosecond pulsed laser in CuCl. We show that this variation is different at the beginning and at the end of the laser pulse. This memory effect depends on the photon energy and on the intensity of the laser beam. An explanation based on the time dependence of the population is suggested. We also make a time analysis of a bistable device composed of a sample of CuCl placed in a Fabry-Pérot cavity. The switching times measured are of some hundredths of picoseconds. We stress the importance of the absorption present in the cavity and show that it may destroy the dispersive bistability. Finally, we give some trends of the spatial variation of hysteresis in the transverse section of the laser beam.
The dynamical evolution of the electromagnetic field amplitudes is numerically calculated using an exciton-biexciton model of CuCl. For a bistable system we determine the switch-down and switch-up times and find them to be well explained by the polariton escape time using the group velocity for the polaritons. Our switching times, about 80 psec at photon energies of 3177 meV, are at least an order of magnitude larger than a previous theoretical estimate and we predict the switching times will become longer as the exciton resonance is approached.
Abstract An investigation is made of the transmission properties of a test beam through CuCl samples and through Fabry‐Perot etalons containing CuCl under simultaneous excitation of a pump beam. For appropriately chosen photon energies of the two beams, the transmission of the test beam through the sample decreases due to nonlinear absorption, or increases when the sample is in a F.P. resonator. The switching behaviour indicates that the nonlinear absorption and dispersion properties of CuCl depend on the exciton and biexciton population dynamics.