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Physical Review A

Hamiltonian theory of symmetric optical network transforms

Päivi Törmä, Stig Stenholm, Igor Jex

Published Dec 1, 1995• 47 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We discuss the theory of extracting an interaction Hamiltonian from a preassigned unitary transformation of quantum states. Such a procedure is of significance in quantum computations and other optical information processing tasks. We particularize the problem to the construction of totally symmetric 2N ports as introduced by Zeilinger and his collaborators [A. Zeilinger, M. Zukowski, M. A. Horne, H. J. Bernstein, and D. M. Greenberger, in Fundamental Aspects of Quantum Theory, edited by J. Anandan and J. J. Safko (World Scientific, Singapore, 1994)]. These are realized by the discrete Fourier transform, which simplifies the construction of the Hamiltonian by known methods of linear algebra. The Hamiltonians found are discussed and alternative realizations of the Zeilinger class transformations are presented. We briefly discuss the applicability of the method to more general devices.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.52.4853

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We discuss the theory of extracting an interaction Hamiltonian from a preassigned unitary transformation of quantum states. Such a procedure is of significance in quantum computations and other optical information processing tasks. We particularize the problem to the construction of totally symmetric 2N ports as introduced by Zeilinger and his collaborators [A. Zeilinger, M. Zukowski, M. A. Horne, H. J. Bernstein, and D. M. Greenberger, in Fundamental Aspects of Quantum Theory, edited by J. Anandan and J. J. Safko (World Scientific, Singapore, 1994)]. These are realized by the discrete Fourier transform, which simplifies the construction of the Hamiltonian by known methods of linear algebra. The Hamiltonians found are discussed and alternative realizations of the Zeilinger class transformations are presented. We briefly discuss the applicability of the method to more general devices.
We propose a scheme to probabilistically generate Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states encoded on the path degree of freedom of three photons. These photons are totally independent from each other, having no direct interaction during the whole evolution of the protocol, which remarkably requires only linear optical devices to work, and two extra ancillary photons to mediate the correlation. The efficacy of the method, which has potential application in distribited quantum computation and multiparty quantum communication, is analyzed in comparison with similar proposals reported in the recent literature. We also discuss the main error sources that limit the efficiency of the protocol in a real experiment and some interesting aspects about the mediator photons in connection with the concept of spatial nonlocality.
We often hear at seminars and presentations ‘Show me the Hamiltonian of your problem and I will tell you what problem you are talking about’. Therefore, to understand what quantum optics is about, we start from the description of a standard Hamiltonian of the problems considered in quantum optics. We illustrate the method of derivation of the explicit form of the Hamiltonian for a simple system that is composed of two subsystems that interact (communicate) with each other. As we shall see, the explicit form of the Hamiltonian is essential to explicitly calculate energy levels of a given combined system and the temporal evolution of an arbitrary operator representing the system.
We propose a scheme to probabilistically generate Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger states encoded on the path degree of freedom of three photons. These photons are totally independent from each other, having no direct interaction during the whole evolution of the protocol, which remarkably requires only linear optical devices to work and two extra ancillary photons to mediate the correlation. The efficacy of the method, which has potential application in distributed quantum computation and multiparty quantum communication, is analyzed in comparison with similar proposals reported in the recent literature. We also discuss the main error sources that limit the efficiency of the protocol in a real experiment and some interesting aspects about the mediator photons in connection with the concept of spatial nonlocality.
Continuous-variable (CV) multipartite entangled states, particularly Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states, are an indispensable resource for quantum networks and quantum information processing. Conventional approaches to generating CV GHZ states rely on combining multiple independently prepared squeezed lights through complex interferometric networks, which impose significant challenges in scalability and stability. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a compact and resource-efficient scheme for generating a tripartite CV GHZ state from a single quantum frequency comb produced by a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator. By employing multipixel homodyne detection, we simultaneously measure quadrature fluctuations across multiple frequency bands and reconstruct the full multimode covariance matrix in a single measurement. Through eigenmode decomposition, we extract a set of independent squeezed supermodes, which are subsequently transformed via a tailored linear unitary operation implemented in post-processing. Using this approach, we deterministically construct a tripartite GHZ state from three supermodes and verify its entanglement via the van Loock–Furusawa criteria, with the corresponding correlation variances measured to be 0.57, 0.75, and 0.57, all below the shot noise limit. This method effectively realizes a scalable entanglement generation scheme within a single optical beam, eliminating the need for complex interferometric networks. Our results provide a scalable and versatile platform for multimode quantum information processing.