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Physical Review A

Optimization of the noise property of delayed light in electromagnetically induced transparency

Junxiang Zhang, Jin Sheng Cai, Yunfei Bai, Jiangrui Gao, Shi-yao Zhu

Published Sep 14, 2007• 27 citations
Publisher

Abstract

One of the important applications of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is to delay and store light in atomic ensembles. In this paper, the noise spectrum of the delayed quantum light throughout an EIT medium is investigated. With zero detection frequency, we can have minimum noise of delayed light in two-photon resonance of EIT, and the noise is larger than the minimum noise at off two-photon resonance due to the phase-to-amplitude noise conversion. It is shown that the noise for nonzero detection frequency can be suppressed by operating the system at off two-photon resonance, even when the unavoidable dephasing is included.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.76.033814

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Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 2016•3 citations
One of the important applications of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is to delay and store light in atomic ensembles. In this paper, the noise spectrum of the delayed quantum light throughout an EIT medium is investigated. With zero detection frequency, we can have minimum noise of delayed light in two-photon resonance of EIT, and the noise is larger than the minimum noise at off two-photon resonance due to the phase-to-amplitude noise conversion. It is shown that the noise for nonzero detection frequency can be suppressed by operating the system at off two-photon resonance, even when the unavoidable dephasing is included.
Using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), it is possible to delay and store light in atomic ensembles. Theoretical modeling and recent experiments have suggested that the EIT storage mechanism can be used as a memory for quantum information. We present experiments that quantify the noise performance of an EIT system for conjugate amplitude and phase quadratures. It is shown that our EIT system adds excess noise to the delayed light that has not hitherto been predicted by published theoretical modeling. In analogy with other continuous-variable quantum information systems, the performance of our EIT system is characterized in terms of conditional variance and signal transfer.
Electromagnetically Induced Transparency is an effect that allows light to propagate through an otherwise opaque material. Due to the dispersion properties of the EIT system, it also slows the information carried on the sideband frequencies of a light beam. The effect can also be used to store information in an atomic medium. It was therefore proposed that EIT systems can be applied in optical cicuits, specifically with regard to quantum information processing where it is necessary to delay, or store quantum states of light. Hence it is necessary to understand how EIT systems influence the quantum state of a light beam and whether EIT systems can ever have the potential to delay and store quantum information at the quantum noise limit. ¶ This thesis examines the transfer of an optical signal at the sideband frequencies through an EIT medium. A comprehensive characterisation of an EIT system in terms of delay and signal transmission is performed. This measurement technique provides data on EIT performance over a range of signal frequencies and a range of experimental parameters. Experiments were conducted with both pure Rubidium vapour and Rubidium vapour mixed with a noble gas. ¶ Studies have been made into a new system of measurement that will allow delay, attenuation and added noise spectra to be assessed via a single-shot measurement.
We calculate the delay time and noise spectrum of a squeezed state throughout an electromagnetically induced transparency medium with dynamic Stark splitting. It is shown that the noise spectrum splits into two parts with the same delay time, so that the delayed squeezing can survive well in two channels. Furthermore, we show that the two squeezing channels as well as the delay time can be manipulated via one-photon detuning and detection frequency such that the quantum state with high delay time and squeezing can be well preserved. This avoids the influence of large noise from laser near zero detection frequency.
We demonstrate and characterize two coherent phenomena that can mitigate the effects of laser phase noise for electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT): a laser-power-broadening-resistant resonance in the transmitted intensity cross correlation between EIT optical fields, and a resonant suppression of the conversion of laser phase noise to intensity noise when one-photon noise dominates over two-photon-detuning noise. Our experimental observations are in good agreement with both an intuitive physical picture and numerical calculations. The results have wide-ranging applications to spectroscopy, atomic clocks, and magnetometers.
The conversion of the modulation signal from the coupling light to the probe light and the conversion of the additional phase noise from the coupling light to the amplitude noise of the probe light in the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) spectrum of the cesium atomic ladder type three level system were investigated by detecting the probe light output noise spectrum. It was demonstrated that frequency stabilization via external modulation can effectively avoid the transfer of modulation noise. In the experiment, two frequency stabilization methods external modulation transfer spectroscopy and internal modulation transfer spectroscopy were employed to achieve the frequency stabilization of the coupling light. The probe light noise spectra at the frequency stabilized output terminal and the detection output terminal were measured under both methods.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect is an effective means to store light field into the atom ensemble. The extra noise introduced in the stored procedure can be suppressed greatly under the condition of large one-photon detuning and proper two-photon detuning. In this paper, we experimentally investigate the slow light and light storage in 87Rb vapor by using EIT effect, and study the effects of the two-photon detuning on light pulse delay and light memory at 650 MHz one-photon red detuning. In order to avoid some unwanted effects under the high optical depth condition, such as four-wave mixing, etc., the temperature of the atomic cell is controlled at 65 degrees Celsius. The experimental results show that the delay and the retrieval signals are significant in a two-photon detuning range from 0 to 0.5 MHz. The pulse delay decreases with the increase of two-photon detuning. The delay is 0.36 ups at two-photon resonance, and it is 0.07 ups at 1 MHz two-photon detuning. We simulate the delayed light pulse by using a three-level -type EIT model. The shapes of the measured slow light are in agreement with the theoretical results. The retrieval signals are observed at different two-photon detunings. The shapes of the retrieval pulses change with the two-photon detuning. The shape variations of the retrieval pulses cannot be explained by the three-level EIT theoretical model. By considering the atomic Zeeman sublevels interacting with the left-circular and right-circular polarized components of probe and coupling fields, multiple -type EIT systems will be formed. The interference between the retrieval signals from multiple EIT subsystems causes the shape distortions of retrieval pulses. The retrieval efficiency is measured as a function of two-photon detuning. The retrieval efficiency oscillates, and multiple peaks appear with the increase of two-photon detuning. The first peak appears at two-photon resonance, and the second peak appears at 0.48 MHz two-photon detuning. Finally, we measure the retrieval efficiency as a function of the coupling power at 0.48 MHz two-photon detuning. The optimal retrieval efficiency reaches 25% when the coupling power is 100 mW. These results provide experimental reference for the quantum memory of continuous variables in the hot atom ensemble.