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NATO ASI series. Series B : Physics

Generation of Number-Phase Squeezed States

Gunnar G. Bjork, Olle Nilsson, Y. Yamamoto, Susumu Machida

Published Jan 1, 1989• 4 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-1-4757-6574-8_14

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Oxford University Press eBooks•Jun 5, 2008•1 citation
This paper develops a method of manipulating the squeezed atom state to generate a few-photon state whose phase or photon-number fluctuations are prescribed at our disposal. The squeezed-atom state is a collective atomic state whose quantum fluctuations in population difference or collective dipole are smaller than those of the coherent atom state. It is shown that the squeezed-atom state can be generated by the interaction of atoms with a coherent state of the electromagnetic field, and that it can be used as a tunable source of squeezed radiation. A variety of squeezed states, including the photon-number squeezed state and the phase squeezed state, can be produced by manipulating the atomic state. This is owing to the fact that quantum-statistical information of the atomic state is faithfully transferred to that of the photon state. Possible experimental situations to implement our theory are discussed.
A number-phase interaction is suggested that is analogous to the usual quadrature squeezing Hamiltonian for a mode of the electromagnetic field. Applied to an initial coherent state, it produces number-phase squeezed states. For moderate squeezing in either direction the result is close to a minimum uncertainty state. Two different ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}^{(3)}$ approximations to the ideal interaction are found, appropriate for the different directions of squeezing. Even with the approximate interaction, the fluctuations in photon number can be reduced to less than half a photon for an arbitrarily intense field.
This chapter reviews theoretical and experimental aspects of non-classical states of light, e.g., squeezed states and number states. The definition of squeezed states and a review of their general properties is followed by a discussion of special kinds of squeezing, e.g., squeezed coherent states, displaced squeezed states, and amplitude or phase squeezing. An overview of photon counting statistics and robustness of squeezed states is followed by a theoretical model of their generation and a description of their experimental production. The chapter ends with a brief discussion of the experimental generation of number states, including methods for generation of single-photon states on demand, which have applications to quantum information processing.