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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Phase conjugation of CO2laser radiation in cryogenic liquids

Sergey S. Alimpiev, Igor V. Mel’nikov, V S Nersisyan, С. М. Никифоров, Boris G. Sartakov

Published Dec 31, 1990• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An experimental investigation was made of phase conjugation of CO 2 laser radiation by a degenerate four-wave mixing in a cryogenic liquid of Kr:SF 6 composition. Periodic spatial modulation of the polarization of the liquid resulted from local vapor formation due to thermalization of the vibrational excitation of SF 6 molecules. An intensity reflection coefficient of ~ 300% was obtained in the long-wavelength wing of an absorption line of SF 6 when the pump energy density was 2 J/cm2.

DOI
10.1070/qe1990v020n12abeh011794

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Quantum Electronics•Jun 30, 1994•3 citations
An experimental investigation was made of phase conjugation of CO 2 laser radiation by a degenerate four-wave mixing in a cryogenic liquid of Kr:SF 6 composition. Periodic spatial modulation of the polarization of the liquid resulted from local vapor formation due to thermalization of the vibrational excitation of SF 6 molecules. An intensity reflection coefficient of ~ 300% was obtained in the long-wavelength wing of an absorption line of SF 6 when the pump energy density was 2 J/cm2.
An experimental investigation was made of phase conjugation under conditions of degenerate four-wave interaction of CO2 laser radiation in carbon tetrachloride as a function of various parameters of the signal radiation and of the experimental geometry. It was found that the conjugation accuracy for a single-mode signal beam with a divergence of 2 mrad was 87%, but when a phase plate introducing a divergence of 70 mrad was used, the accuracy was 77%. The reflection efficiency and the phase conjugation quality depended strongly on the ratio of the energy density of the signal wave to the energy density of the pump wave. An investigation was made of the dependence of the reflection coefficient on the angular mismatch between the counterpropagating pump waves and on the matching of the optical paths of the interacting waves.
Phase conjugation (PC) processes at degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) in the active medium of a pulsed e-beam controlled discharge CO2-laser were studied both experimentally and theoretically. The experiment was carried out with the following parameters: laser gas mixture CO2:N2:He=1:2:4, gas pressure 0.3 bar, active medium length 1.2 m, resonator length 12 m (17.7 m for single line laser), interaction angle ~10 mrad at DFWM without optical delay between probe wave and co-propagating pump one. Integral PC reflectivity (PCR) strongly depends on such parameters as: specific input energy (Fig. 1); intensity ratio for probe J3 and co-propagating pump J1 wave (Fig.2); coherency of the laser radiation, that varied by rotation of mutual polarization or with optical delay between probe wave and co-propagating pump one; geometry of DFWM; output mirror reflectance Rout (8-80%) (PCR was maximum with Rout of 8% but best quality of PC signal was observed with Rout =80%); gas mixture composition and pressure, being maximum for a mixture with a low fraction of helium and at higher pressure (up to 0.6 bar). A periodical dependence of PCR on optical delay between probe and co-propagating pump wave with periods 10−3 and 10−5 m was observed. The PCR did not depend on spectral content and a degree of linear polarization of the laser radiation.
The phase conjugation (PC) reflectivity of the laser radiation inside its own laser medium reflects the non-linear properties of the medium. To study the properties of carbon monoxide (CO) laser medium the temporal and spectral characteristics of PC reflectivity of pulsed e-beam controlled discharge cryogenically cooled CO laser radiation under degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) inside its own laser medium were studied experimentally. The interaction length of DFWM was about 100 cm. The pulse length of the CO laser beam was 50 - 500 µs, the gas density was up to 0.5 Amagat, the gas temperature was about 120 K.
Energetic, temporal and spectral characteristics of the process of phase conjugation (PC) at intracavity degenerate four wave mixing (DFWM) of frequency selective pulsed e-beam controlled discharge CO laser radiation have been studied both experimentally and theoretically. Maximum PC reflectivity (PCR) on energy comes up to 1.5% being independent of specific input energy. The dependencies of PCR on energy have quite different behavior for various selected spectral lines. An influence of lasing and PC process in adjacent vibrational bands on PCR for the selected spectral line has been experimentally demonstrated, PCR decreasing at switching on adjacent vibrational bands. The numerical model has been formulated to simulate the temporal behavior of PC process on large scale gain (amplitude) and refraction (phase) gratings formed in the active medium of CO laser. The trend in the calculated temporal behavior of PCR is the same as for the experimental result, the theoretical PCR being higher as compared to experimental one. The resonance (amplitude) mechanism of PC process seems to be a prevailing one for DFWM of CO laser radiation.
An experimental study of a four-wave interaction in the active laser medium was made for long (10–10 3 μs) pulses emitted by electron-beam-controlled-discharge CO 2 and CO lasers. Linearly polarised probe radiation from a CO 2 (CO) laser was directed into the intracavity inverted medium of the laser itself. The radiation reflected back by the active medium was recorded in the near-field and far-field zones. Phase conjugation was confirmed by reconstruction of the spatial pattern of the radiation field in the near-field zone and of the angular divergence of the radiation in the far-field zone. The energy coefficient representing phase conjugation by reflection reached 2% for the CO 2 laser and 0.2% for the CO laser. The time dependence of the phase-conjugation power coefficient was analysed.