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Optics Letters

Observation of electromagnetically induced phase matching

Maneesh Jain, G. Y. Yin, J. E. Field, Stephen E. Harris

Published Jun 15, 1993• 67 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report the observation of electromagnetically induced phase matching in collisionally broadened Pb vapor. At a critical intensity at which the Rabi frequency of a dressing 1064-nm laser overcomes the Doppler broadening of the vapor, the generated four-frequency-mixing signal at 283 nm increases in a steplike manner by a factor of 59.
DOI
10.1364/ol.18.000998

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In this paper, we report the observation of electromagnetically induced transparency in collisionally broadened lead vapor. Electromagnetically induced transparency based on lifetime broadening has been observed by Boiler et al), where transparency was induced by a quantum interference. We extend the regime of electromagnetically induced transparency to collisionaly broadened resonance lines. A strong field which couples a resonantly broadened state to another state with a smaller collisional rate decreases the loss, and the transmission of an optically thick media is increased from below our dynamic range (Io/Iin<10−6)to Io/Iin = 10−1
The effect of electromagnetically induced transparency in resonant four-wave-mixing schemes is investigated in an analysis that goes beyond perturbation theory in the coherent driving field. In addition we examine the case where the two-photon pump field is sufficiently strong to necessitate a nonperturbative treatment. This allows us to examine the cases where either one or both of the driving fields are strong. Phase matching is included in a plane-wave propagation treatment that matches the situation most likely to be encountered in actual experiments. The calculations are in part intended to model real experimental situations and thus incorporate driving and pump-field linewidths via the phase-diffusion model and Doppler broadening. With a strong pump-field laser, large enhancements in the efficiency of light generation occur at frequencies corresponding to the Autler-Townes satellites induced by the strong driving field. In this situation gain and high four-wave-mixing efficiency are simultaneously present, resulting in the production of a large intensity of coherent radiation. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Inversionless gain is predicted in a Doppler-broadened VVV scheme for which the probe laser frequency is approximately twice that of the coupling laser. A comparison is made of inversionless gain achieved via electromagnetically induced transparency in Doppler-broadened matched and mismatched wavelength systems. We show that the presence of Doppler broadening does not preclude inversionless lasing for mismatched wavelengths; importantly, this is shown to hold even for Rabi splittings significantly less than the Doppler width. Our analysis demonstrates that inversionless gain is realizable in Doppler-broadened media, at modest continuous wave laser powers, for a probe frequency well in excess of the coupling field frequency. The presented theory is related to a practical mismatched system in atomic rubidium vapor. Approximately 8% gain is predicted in a 422 nm probe field coherently driven by a 780 nm coupling field, in the presence of a modest level of incoherent excitation.
We observe experimentally huge enhanced four-wave mixing based on Raman resonance in an 85Rb atomic vapor system. With the decrease of coupling field power or the increase of experimental temperature, the signal tends to be narrowed down in linewidth, and be basically the same spectrum as the stimulated Raman spectroscopy. It is found that the macroscopic polarization interference effect plays a crucial role in determining the nonlinear spectra. Further more, in the Doppler-broadened Λ-type energy level system, there is a strong relationship among electromagnetically induced transparency, four-wave mixing and stimulated Raman spectroscopy. The sharp transparent window in electromagnetically induced transparency can be interpreted as the suppression of Raman gain on the linear absorption of the probe field. However, the four-wave mixing signal is a new field generated by the atomic vapor system, and it comes from the Raman gain which is affected and modified by the absorption and dispersion of the nonlinear optical medium. It shows that in a Λ-type Doppler-broadened system, in essence, both the electromagnetically induced transparency and enhanced four-wave mixing stem from stimulated Raman scattering based on the third-order nonlinear processes, just the spectra of which are from different ways and objects of detection.